“…Accordingly, street vending, as an urban income-generating activity, has been studied in many settings. However, most empirical studies published in English focus on street trade in developing countries (e.g., Bhowmik, 2005Bhowmik, , 2010, Middle and Latin American countries (e.g., Coletto, 2010;Cross, 1998;Cutsinger, 2000;Harrison and McVey, 1997;Middleton, 2003) and southern European countries (e.g., Antonopoulos et al, 2011;Bellinvia, 2013;Lazaridis and Koumandraki, 2003;Nelken, 2006). Given that Western societies have also experienced more contractual and short-term employment, higher levels of unemployment and a decrease of expenditure on metropolitan administration and welfare services, urban areas in these societies are deemed to be informalised (Williams and Windebank, 2001).…”