“…The literature also highlights that mechanisms for managing information security are lagging considerably behind the current level of informatization. This discrepancy contributes to the rise in cybercrime, leading to severe, and occasionally irreversible, consequences for states, enterprises, societies, and individuals [9,10]. Researchers identify a broad spectrum of cybercrimes, encompassing crimes committed for financial gain and crimes related to the use of information stored in computers, tablets, and mobile phones, as well as crimes against the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer systems.…”