Informational constraints on interceptive actions of elite football goalkeepers in 1v1 dyads during competitive performance

Abstract

{Heading: information constraints in dyad system] Word count: 4814 Keywords: ecological dynamics, informational constraints, time to contact, dyadic systems, association football, elite goalkeepers 2 AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine whether perceptual variables can provide informational constraints for the goalkeepers to intercept the ball successfully in 1v1 dyads.Video images of 42 actions (1v1 in direct shots) were selected randomly from different matches and divided into conceded goals (n=20) and saved actions (n=22) to investigate interceptive actions of 20 goalkeepers in the English Premier League in season 2013-2014.Time to Contact (TTC) of the closing distance gap between shooter and goalkeeper was obtained by digitising actions in the 18-yard penalty box. Statistical analyses revealed that, in sequences of play resulting in an intercepted shot at goal, goalkeepers closed down outfield players in the X axis, whereas when a goal was conceded, there was a significantly delayed movement by goalkeepers toward the shooters in this plane. The results of canonical correlations showed that a decreasing distance between a shooter and goalkeeper, and accompanied reduction in relative interpersonal velocity followed a temporal pattern.Findings of this study showed how perception of key informational constraints on dyadic system relations, such as TTC, interpersonal distance and relative velocity, constrain elite goalkeepers' interceptive actions, playing an important role in successful performance.3

Anàlisi de l’eficàcia del porter de futbol cadet (14 a 16 anys) [Analysis of the Effectiveness of Under-16 Football Goalkeepers]

“…El análisis del desempeño en el juego del portero de fútbol resulta clave de cara la preparación de entrenamientos y competiciones (Abellán, Sáez-Gallego, & Contreras, 2015;Shafizadeh et al, 2015), así como de cara a desarrollar programas individuales de entrenamiento (Oszmaniec & Szwarc, 2015), a partir de la delimitación de hitos de comportamiento técnico-táctico (Lapresa, Ibáñez, Arana, Garzón, & Amatria, 2011) a satisfacer, a modo de horizonte, por el portero de fútbol en su proceso de formación y en su tránsito hacia el rendimiento.…”

“…The analysis of the performance of the football goalkeeper's play is key to the preparation of training and competitions (Abellán, Sáez-Gallego, & Contreras, 2015;Shafizadeh et al, 2015) as well as to developing individual training programmes (Oszmaniec & Szwarc, 2015) based on the pinpointing of technical-tactical behavior milestones (Lapresa, Ibáñez, Arana, Garzón, & Amatria, 2011) to be met as a horizon by the football goalkeeper in their training process and shift towards performance in competition.…”

“…The specific position of football goalkeepers is different to any other outfield player due to the regulatory constraints on their role, the consequent position they take up on the field and the high degree of responsibility that is inherent in their participation in the game (Bazmara, Jafari, & Pasand, 2013). La significativa evolución que en los últimos años ha experimentado el portero de fútbol en su desempeño técnico-táctico, se ha visto propiciada por modificaciones reglamentarias -la prohibición de coger el balón con la mano si un compañero le cede la pelota de forma deliberada (1992) y la sustitución del condicionante de los cuatro pasos por el de los seis segundos (2000)-, pero fundamentalmente ha sido consecuencia del interés de los entrenadores en que el portero actúe como última línea de defensa y como primer atacante en la construcción del juego ofensivo, con los requerimientos de coordinación interpersonal que esto conlleva (Shafizadeh, Davids, Correia, Wheat, & Hizan, 2015). Ambas circunstancias implican que en el juego se genere un mayor número de situaciones en las que el portero está obligado a salir fuera del área de meta para interceptar balones o a contribuir en el desarrollo de la fase ofensiva mediante el juego con los pies (Lawlor, Thomas, Riley, Carron, & Isaacson, 2002;Sainz de Baranda & Ortega, 2002).…”

“…Del análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre el portero de fútbol realizado por García-Angulo y Ortega (2015) se desprende que las disciplinas más estudiadas han sido las de: control motor, destacando fundamentalmente la proliferación de estudios de corte experimental centrados en el lanzamiento de penaltis (Furley, Noël, & Memmert, 2016;Navarro, Van der Kamp, Ranvaud, & Savelsbergh, 2013;Savelsbergh, Van Gastel, & Van Kampen 2010), y la medicina del deporte, por lo general en el seno de trabajos que analizan lesiones en función de la posición del jugador The significant evolution that football goalkeepers have undergone in recent years in their technical-tactical performance has been fostered by changes to the laws, namely the ban on picking up a backpass (1992) and replacing the four-step rule by six seconds (2000). Yet fundamentally it has been a consequence of the interest of coaches in having goalkeepers act as the last line of defense and as the first attacker in the construction of the offensive game with the interpersonal coordination requirements that this entails (Shafizadeh, Davids, Correia, Wheat, & Hizan, 2015). Both circumstances mean that the game generates a greater number of situations in which the goalkeeper is forced to leave their penalty area to intercept balls or contribute to the development of the offensive phase by playing with their feet (Lawlor, Thomas, Riley, Carron, & Isaacson, 2002; Sainz de Baranda & Ortega, 2002).…”

Identification, Computational Examination, Critical Assessment and Future Considerations of Distance Variables to Assess Collective Tactical Behaviour in Team Invasion Sports by Positional Data: A Systematic Review

“…In addition, several studies have considered the distance of the players in a particular zone of the pitch; that is, they have measured several player-space distances [5,21,22]. After more than twenty years, many types of distance variables have been used to assess team behaviour in team invasion sports [4,5,7,[16][17][18]20,21,[23][24][25][26][27]. However, it would be interesting to classify and analyse these distance variables in order to assess their practical application in team invasion sports training and matches.…”