Informative Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data on the Default Mode Network

Abstract

Effective detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated procedure, due to the hundreds of parameters suggested to be implicated in its etiology. As such, machine learning methods have been consistently applied to facilitate diagnosis, although the scarcity of potent autism-related biomarkers is a bottleneck. More importantly, the variability of the imported attributes among different sites (e.g., acquisition parameters) and different individuals (e.g., demographics, movement, etc.) pose additional challenges, eluding adequate generalization and universal modeling. The present study focuses on a data-driven approach for the identification of efficacious biomarkers for the classification between typically developed (TD) and ASD individuals utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data on the default mode network (DMN) and non-physiological parameters. From the fMRI data, static and dynamic connectivity were calculated and fed to a feature selection and classification framework along with the demographic, acquisition and motion information to obtain the most prominent features in regard to autism discrimination. The acquired results provided high classification accuracy of 76.63%, while revealing static and dynamic connectivity as the most prominent indicators. Subsequent analysis illustrated the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, right precuneus, midline frontal, and paracingulate as the most significant brain regions, in addition to an overall connectivity increment.

Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder With Functional Graph Discriminative Network

“…The major contribution of this research lies in finding best predicting pipelines for ABIDE dataset, which were based on Multi Subject Dictionary Learning (MSDL) atlas, tangent space embedding, and ℓ 2 -regularized classifiers. Also evaluated on the ABIDE dataset, higher performance (e.g., accuracy over 75%) could be obtained by using extraneous information such as "multiple atlases" or "non-physiological" (Karampasi et al, 2020(Karampasi et al, , 2021Epalle et al, 2021). On the basis of correlation matrices computed from rs-fMRI time-series data, a probabilistic neural network was applied for ASD classification (Iidaka, 2015).…”