“…Fast oscillations [with a frequency of 60-70 Hz in freely moving and 30-40 Hz in anaesthetised animals (Storchi et al, 2017)] are dependent on rods and cones inputs, but are generated by amacrine cells (Roy et al, 2017;Orlowska-Feuer et al, 2021). Studies in a number of species, including mice (Saleem et al, 2017;Storchi et al, 2017;Orlowska-Feuer et al, 2021), rats (Tsuji et al, 2016;Chrobok et al, 2018), cats (Heiss and Bornschein, 1966) and frogs (Ishikane et al, 1999), have shown that this oscillation frequency is transmitted to the SVS structures by the retina, including the VLG, OPN (Chrobok et al, 2018;Orlowska-Feuer et al, 2021), SCN (Tsuji et al, 2016), SC (Drwiega and Blasiak, unpublished observations) and finally the DLG (Storchi et al, 2017;Chrobok et al, 2018;Orlowska-Feuer et al, 2021; Figure 2). This fast oscillation has been hypothesised to play a role in image-forming vision, as the DLG gamma rhythm is further transmitted to the primary visual cortex (Saleem et al, 2017).…”