Infrared detectors: an overview

Rogalski, Antoni

doi:10.1016/s1350-4495(02)00140-8

Cited by 699 publications

(394 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In contrast to infrared thermography, there were confusing T skin results which had been evaluated by contact thermistors in literature as; gradually increase, steady state after an increase and steady state during whole exercise session [40][41][42]. On the other hand, in recent years, infrared thermography method has become very popular after the development of related technology and correspondingly, reduction of equipment costs [43]. Nowadays, the visual temperature patterns of T skin which is also a non-invasive and valid method in sport sciences have been widely used [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing visual pattern of skin temperature during submaximal and maximal exercises

Balci

Başaran

Çolakoğlu

2016

Infrared Physics & Technology

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h i g h l i g h t sWe examined skin temperature changes in similar body surface area cohort. A structural relation was observed in skin temperature variations among participants. Temperature pattern of skin was different between maximal and submaximal exercise. Thermal kinetic analysing may be useful tool for monitoring thermoregulations. New method was examined for determining skin temperature by infrared thermography. Aims of this study were to examine our hypotheses assuming that (a) skin temperature patterns would differ between submaximal exercise (SE) and graded maximal exercise test (GXT) and (b) thermal kinetics of T skin occurring in SE and GXT might be similar in a homogenous cohort. Core temperature (T core ) also observed in order to evaluate thermoregulatory responses to SE and GXT. Eleven moderately to well-trained male athletes were volunteered for the study (age: 22.2 ± 3.7 years; body mass: 73.8 ± 6.9 kg; height: 181 ± 6.3 cm; body surface area 1.93 ± 0.1 m 2 ; body fat: 12.6% ± 4.2%; _ VO 2max : 54 ± 9.9 mL min À1 kg a r t i c l e i n f o À1). Under stabilized environmental conditions in climatic chamber, GXT to volitional exhaustion and 20-min SE at 60% of VO 2max were performed on cycle ergometer. Thermal analyses were conducted in 2-min intervals throughout exercise tests. T skin was monitored by a thermal camera, while T core was recorded via an ingestible telemetric temperature sensor. Thermal kinetic analyses showed that T skin gradually decreased till the 7.58 ± 1.03th minutes, and then initiated to increase till the end of SE (Rsqr = 0.97), while T skin gradually decreased throughout the GXT (Rsqr = 0.89). Decrease in the level of T skin during the GXT was significantly below from the SE [F (4, 40) = 2.67, p = 0.07, g p 2 = 0.211]. In the meantime, T core continuously increased throughout the SE and GXT (p < 0.05). Both GXT and SE were terminated at very close final T core values (37.8 ± 0.3°C and 38.0 ± 0.3°C, respectively; p > 0.05). However, total heat energies were calculated as 261.5 kJ/m 2 and 416 kJ/m 2 for GXT and SE, respectively (p < 0.05). Thus, it seems that SE may be more advantageous than GXT in thermoregulation.In conclusion, T core gradually increased throughout maximal and submaximal exercises as expected. T skin curves patterns found to be associated amongst participants at both GXT and SE. Therefore, T skin kinetics may ensure an important data for monitoring thermoregulation in exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing visual pattern of skin temperature during submaximal and maximal exercises

Balci

Başaran

Çolakoğlu

2016

Infrared Physics & Technology

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“…One mode operates at a temperature below (but typically near) the Curie temperature T C of the ferroelectric where the variation in the spontaneous polarization as a function of temperature is large. In the dielectric bolometer mode, one works slightly above T C in the paraelectric state of the ferroelectric and with an applied bias field to induce polarization [5][6][7][8][9]. In either case, it is required that the ferroelectric is deposited in a thin film form on an IC compatible substrate.…”

Section: Application Of Electrothermal Properties Of Ferroelectricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrothermal properties of perovskite ferroelectric films

et al. 2009

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The electrothermal (electrocaloric and pyroelectric) properties of ferroelectric thin films have many applications in active solid-state cooling and infrared sensing devices. It has been shown experimentally that some thin-film ferroelectrics can produce much larger electrothermal responses than their bulk counterparts. In this work, the electrothermal properties of bulk polar dielectric (ferroelectric and incipient ferroelectric) materials and thin films have been computed using a thermodynamic methodology and the effects of electrical, thermal and mechanical boundary conditions have been illustrated. In particular, the sensitivity of pyroelectric and electrocaloric response to bias and driving fields, lateral clamping and misfit strain, thermal stresses and composition have been demonstrated. The computations show that the electrothermal behavior of ferroelectric materials for practical cooling devices depends on a complex interplay of several related sets of physical phenomena. These include the nature of the ferroelectric transition, the particular dependence of the equilibrium and transport properties on electric field and mechanical boundary constraints, and the orientation and thermal expansion coefficients of the thin film and substrate materials. The combined results provide insights concerning how the composition and orientation of the thin film material, the choice of substrate, the deposition/annealing temperature, and the electrode configuration can be used to optimize the electrothermal properties for particular applications.

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“…Співвідношення сиг нал/шум для одноканальних термометрів випромінення повинно становити 3…5 дБ, для багатоканальних ТМВ -від 5…10 дБ та вище залежно від заданого значення похибки визначення температури за випроміненням [10].…”

Section: результати досліджень параметрівunclassified

Criteria system of formation of spectral channels of multichannel radiation thermometer

Гоц¹

2015

TAPR

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Infrared detectors: an overview

Cited by 699 publications

References 66 publications

Analysing visual pattern of skin temperature during submaximal and maximal exercises

Analysing visual pattern of skin temperature during submaximal and maximal exercises

Electrothermal properties of perovskite ferroelectric films

Criteria system of formation of spectral channels of multichannel radiation thermometer

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