Infrared Determination of Free Phenol in Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins

Smith, J. J.; Rugg, F. M.; Bowman, Harry M.

doi:10.1021/ac60063a017

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The analytical methods used were infrared spectrometry (Smith, Rugg, and Bowman 1952), titration after steam distillation and colorimetric analysis (Haslam, Whettem, and Newlands 1953), gas chromatography (Stevens and Percival 1964) and gel per-meation chromatography (Tsuge, Miyabaya, and Tanaka 1973). These studies were performed using acidic phenolic resins and do not include the most widely used resins today: furanic and alkaline phenolic resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic Techniques for the Determination of Free Phenol in Foundry Resins

et al. 2011

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Phenol is a toxic compound present in a wide variety of foundry resins. Its quantifi-cation is important for the characterization of the resins as well as for the evaluation of free contaminants present in foundry wastes. Two chromatographic methods, liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (LC-UV) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), for the analysis of free phenol in several foundry resins, after a simple extraction procedure (30 min), were developed. Both chromatographic methods were suitable for the determination of phenol in the studied furanic and phe-nolic resins, showing good selectivity, accuracy (recovery 99-100%; relative deviations <5%), and precision (coefficients of variation <6%). The used ASTM reference method was only found to be useful in the analysis of phenolic resins, while the LC and GC methods were applicable for all the studied resins. The developed methods reduce the time of analysis from 3.5 hours to about 30 min and can readily be used in routine quality control laboratories.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic Techniques for the Determination of Free Phenol in Foundry Resins

et al. 2011

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“…Unreacted formaldehyde in a resole can be accurately determined chemically (18). Unreacted phenol has been determined by methods employing steam distillation (8), infrared spec-trometry (16), and, more recently, gas liquid chromatography (GLC) (17). Thus far, the only successful method for the individual hydroxymethylated phenols has been the use of paper chromatographic techniques, as applied by Freeman (5), Reese (IS), and others (10).…”

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confidence: 99%