Infrared hyperbolic metasurface based on nanostructured van der Waals materials

Li, Peining; Dolado, Irene; Alfaro-Mozaz, Francisco J.; Casanova, Fèlix; Hueso, Luis E.; Liu, Song; Edgar, James H.; Nikitin, Alexey Y.; Vélez, Saül; Hillenbrand, Rainer

doi:10.1126/science.aaq1704

Cited by 414 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Many of these have been realized in hyperbolic metasurfaces, created by artificial subwavelength structuring from visible to microwave frequency ranges . However, in such artificially created hyperbolic surfaces, the wave vector of plasmon polaritons is limited by the inverse of the structure size, which hinders the potential of hyperbolic plasmons . The anisotropic 2D materials present a natural platform for realizing the planar hyperbolic plasmons with much larger momentum, which may fulfill the applications with enhanced light–matter interaction and near‐field radiative heat transfer as a result of higher electromagnetic confinement and more diverging photonic density of states.…”

Section: Plasmons In Anisotropic 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optical Properties and Plasmonics of Anisotropic 2D Materials

Wang

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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In the fast growing 2D materials family, anisotropic 2D materials, with their intrinsic in‐plane anisotropy, exhibit a great potential in optoelectronics. One such typical material is black phosphorus (BP), with a layer‐dependent and highly tunable bandgap. Such intrinsic anisotropy adds a new degree of freedom to the excitation, detection, and control of light. Particularly, hyperbolic plasmons with hyperbolic q‐space dispersion are predicted to exist in BP films, where highly directional propagating polaritons with divergent densities of states are hosted. Combined with a tunable electronic structure, such natural hyperbolic surfaces may enable a series of exotic applications in nanophotonics. Herein, the anisotropic optical properties and plasmons (especially hyperbolic plasmons) of BP are discussed. In addition, other possible 2D material candidates (especially anisotropic layered semimetals) for hyperbolic plasmons are examined. This review may stimulate further research interest in anisotropic 2D materials and fully unleash their potential in flatland photonics.

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Section: Plasmons In Anisotropic 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optical Properties and Plasmonics of Anisotropic 2D Materials

Wang

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…For that reason, these materials can support polaritons (excitations resulting from strong light–matter interactions) whose momentum k describes a hyperbolic isofrequency curve in momentum space. As a consequence, the so‐called hyperbolic polaritons (HPs) propagate highly directional and with extremely short wavelengths and strong field confinement, which makes them promising candidates for future nanophotonic applications including nanoscale focusing and guiding . HPs have been studied essentially in slabs and resonator structures .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons

Dolado

Alfaro-Mozaz

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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Van der Waals (vdW) materials host a variety of polaritons, which make them an emerging material platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale. Due to the layered structure of vdW materials, the polaritons can exhibit a hyperbolic dispersion and propagate as nanoscale‐confined volume modes in thin flakes. On the other hand, surface‐confined modes can be found at the flake edges. Surprisingly, the guiding of these modes in ribbons—representing typical linear waveguide structures—is widely unexplored. Here, a detailed study of hyperbolic phonon polaritons propagating in hexagonal boron nitride ribbons is reported. Employing infrared nanoimaging, a variety of modes are observed. Particularly, the fundamental volume waveguide mode that exhibits a cutoff width is identified, which, interestingly, can be lowered by reducing the waveguide thickness. Further, hybridization of the surface modes and their evolution with varying frequency and waveguide width are observed. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that the symmetrically hybridized surface mode does not exhibit a cutoff width, and thus enables linear waveguiding of the polaritons in arbitrarily narrow ribbons. The experimental data, supported by simulations, establish a solid basis for the understanding of hyperbolic polaritons in linear waveguides, which is of critical importance for their application in future photonic devices.

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“…These HPPs were not observed with the photothermal microscope (Figure ) due to the lower signal strength of the illumination/detection technique. Interestingly, Li et al very recently demonstrated concave wavefronts of a diverging polariton beam in a h‐BN grating structure with a 100 nm pitch. Although the thicker region of the h‐BN grating in this work did have a stronger scattering amplitude, the s‐SNOM technique did not conclusively demonstrate HPPs propagating within the patterned grating region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Photothermal Effect in Sub‐40 nm h‐BN Nanostructures Patterned Via High‐Resolution Ion Beam

López

Ambrosio

Dai

et al. 2018

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The controlled nanoscale patterning of 2D materials is a promising approach for engineering the optoelectronic, thermal, and mechanical properties of these materials to achieve novel functionalities and devices. Herein, high-resolution patterning of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is demonstrated via both helium and neon ion beams and an optimal dosage range for both ions that serve as a baseline for insulating 2D materials is identified. Through this nanofabrication approach, a grating with a 35 nm pitch, individual structure sizes down to 20 nm, and additional nanostructures created by patterning crystal step edges are demonstrated. Raman spectroscopy is used to study the defects induced by the ion beam patterning and is correlated to scanning probe microscopy. Photothermal and scanning near-field optical microscopy measure the resulting near-field absorption and scattering of the nanostructures. These measurements reveal a large photothermal expansion of nanostructured h-BN that is dependent on the height to width aspect ratio of the nanostructures. This effect is attributed to the large anisotropy of the thermal expansion coefficients of h-BN and the nanostructuring implemented. The photothermal expansion should be present in other van der Waals materials with large anisotropy and can lead to applications such as nanomechanical switches driven by light.

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Infrared hyperbolic metasurface based on nanostructured van der Waals materials

Cited by 414 publications

References 36 publications

The Optical Properties and Plasmonics of Anisotropic 2D Materials

The Optical Properties and Plasmonics of Anisotropic 2D Materials

Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons

Large Photothermal Effect in Sub‐40 nm h‐BN Nanostructures Patterned Via High‐Resolution Ion Beam

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