Infrared Photoconductivity Due to Neutral Impurities in Silicon

Burstein, E.; Oberly, J. J.; Davisson, J. W.

doi:10.1103/physrev.89.331

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Research and development of extrinsic IR photodetec− tors have been ongoing for more than 50 years [122,123]. In the 1950s and 1960s, germanium could be made purer than silicon; doped Si then needed more compensation than doped Ge and was characterized by shorter carrier lifetimes than extrinsic germanium.…”

Section: Extrinsic Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Rogalski

Сизов

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

322

225

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Terahertz (THz) technology is one of emerging technologies that will change our life. A lot of attractive applications in security, medicine, biology, astronomy, and non-destructive materials testing have been demonstrated already. However, the realization of THz emitters and receivers is a challenge because the frequencies are too high for conventional electronics and the photon energies are too small for classical optics. As a result, THz radiation is resistant to the techniques commonly employed in these well established neighbouring bands.In the paper, issues associated with the development and exploitation of THz radiation detectors and focal plane arrays are discussed. Historical impressive progress in THz detector sensitivity in a period of more than half century is analyzed. More attention is put on the basic physical phenomena and the recent progress in both direct and heterodyne detectors. After short description of general classification of THz detectors, more details concern Schottky barrier diodes, pair braking detectors, hot electron mixers and field-effect transistor detectors, where links between THz devices and modern technologies such as micromachining are underlined. Also, the operational conditions of THz detectors and their upper performance limits are reviewed. Finally, recent advances in novel nanoelectronic materials and technologies are described. It is expected that applications of nanoscale materials and devices will open the door for further performance improvement in THz detectors.

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Section: Extrinsic Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Rogalski

Сизов

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

322

225

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“…The first extrinsic photoconductive detectors were re− ported in the early 1950s [48][49][50] after the discovery of the transistor, which stimulated a considerable improvement in the growth and material purification techniques. Since the techniques for controlled impurity introduction became available for germanium at an earlier date, the first high per− formance extrinsic detectors were based on germanium.…”

Section: Post-war Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

History of infrared detectors

Rogalski

2012

Opto-Electronics Review

425

207

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This paper overviews the history of infrared detector materials starting with Herschel’s experiment with thermometer on February 11th, 1800. Infrared detectors are in general used to detect, image, and measure patterns of the thermal heat radiation which all objects emit. At the beginning, their development was connected with thermal detectors, such as thermocouples and bolometers, which are still used today and which are generally sensitive to all infrared wavelengths and operate at room temperature. The second kind of detectors, called the photon detectors, was mainly developed during the 20th Century to improve sensitivity and response time. These detectors have been extensively developed since the 1940’s. Lead sulphide (PbS) was the first practical IR detector with sensitivity to infrared wavelengths up to ∼3 μm. After World War II infrared detector technology development was and continues to be primarily driven by military applications. Discovery of variable band gap HgCdTe ternary alloy by Lawson and co-workers in 1959 opened a new area in IR detector technology and has provided an unprecedented degree of freedom in infrared detector design. Many of these advances were transferred to IR astronomy from Departments of Defence research. Later on civilian applications of infrared technology are frequently called “dual-use technology applications.” One should point out the growing utilisation of IR technologies in the civilian sphere based on the use of new materials and technologies, as well as the noticeable price decrease in these high cost technologies. In the last four decades different types of detectors are combined with electronic readouts to make detector focal plane arrays (FPAs). Development in FPA technology has revolutionized infrared imaging. Progress in integrated circuit design and fabrication techniques has resulted in continued rapid growth in the size and performance of these solid state arrays.

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“…Если эле-ктронные волновые функции апроксимируются плоскими волнами, 7?с»к = йк и ΖΓ (ν) дается выражением (2,39) с т вместо т*. Используя (2,19), (2,20) и (2,23), из (2,22), получаем:^…”

Section: край поглощенияunclassified

Поглощение Инфракрасного Излучения В Полупроводниках

Fan¹

1958

Usp. Fiz. Nauk

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Infrared Photoconductivity Due to Neutral Impurities in Silicon

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

History of infrared detectors

Поглощение Инфракрасного Излучения В Полупроводниках

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