Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Non-Convex Optimization with Lp-Norm Constraint

Zhang, Tianfang; Wu, Hao; Liu, Yuhan; Peng, Lingbing; Yang, Chunping; Peng, Zhenming

doi:10.3390/rs11050559

Cited by 119 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Many different approaches have been proposed for infrared object tracking such as saliency extraction [9], multiscale patch-based contrast measure and a temporal variance filter [14], feature learning and fusion, reliability weight estimation based on nonnegative matrix factorization [15], Poisson reconstruction and the Dempster-Shafer theory [16], three-dimensional scalar field [17], a double-layer region proposal network (RPN) [18], Siamese convolution network [19], a mixture of Gaussians with modified flux density [20], spatial-temporal total variation regularization and weighted tensor [21], two-stage U-skip context aggregation network [22], histogram similarity map based on the Epanechnikov kernel function [23], quaternion discrete cosine transform [24], non-convex optimization [25], Mexican-hat distribution of pixels [26], and Schatten regularization with reweighted sparse enhancement [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Infrared Objects in Manifold Space Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence of Gaussian Distributions of Image Points

Zhu

Lou

et al. 2020

Symmetry

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Infrared image recognition technology can work day and night and has a long detection distance. However, the infrared objects have less prior information and external factors in the real-world environment easily interfere with them. Therefore, infrared object classification is a very challenging research area. Manifold learning can be used to improve the classification accuracy of infrared images in the manifold space. In this article, we propose a novel manifold learning algorithm for infrared object detection and classification. First, a manifold space is constructed with each pixel of the infrared object image as a dimension. Infrared images are represented as data points in this constructed manifold space. Next, we simulate the probability distribution information of infrared data points with the Gaussian distribution in the manifold space. Then, based on the Gaussian distribution information in the manifold space, the distribution characteristics of the data points of the infrared image in the low-dimensional space are derived. The proposed algorithm uses the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to minimize the loss function between two symmetrical distributions, and finally completes the classification in the low-dimensional manifold space. The efficiency of the algorithm is validated on two public infrared image data sets. The experiments show that the proposed method has a 97.46% classification accuracy and competitive speed in regards to the analyzed data sets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Infrared Objects in Manifold Space Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence of Gaussian Distributions of Image Points

Zhu

Lou

et al. 2020

Symmetry

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“…e core idea of this kind of approach is to seek the best sparse and low-rank approximation of the given observation matrix, where the target is regarded as the sparse component and the background is lowrank component. RPCA framework has been widely applied to infrared small target detection [22][23][24][25][26] for its generalization and computation efficiency and can be extended to cope with large-scale problems. In realistic applications, sparse and lowrank recovery normally cannot be directly applied to small target detection because the decomposed background image matrix usually does not satisfy the low-rank characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Small Target Detection with Total Variation and Reweighted ℓ1 Regularization

Fang

Chen

Liu

et al. 2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Infrared small target detection plays an important role in infrared search and tracking systems applications. It is difficult to perform target detection when only a single image with complex background clutters and noise is available, where the key is to suppress the complex background clutters and noise while enhancing the small target. In this paper, we propose a novel model for separating the background from the small target based on nonlocal self-similarity for infrared patch-image. A total variation-based regularization term for the small target image is incorporated into the model to suppress the residual background clutters and noise while enhancing the smoothness of the solution. Furthermore, a reweighted sparse constraint is imposed for the small target image to remove the nontarget points while better highlighting the small target. For higher computational efficiency, an adapted version of the alternating direction method of multipliers is employed to solve the resulting minimization problem. Comparative experiments with synthetic and real data demonstrate that the proposed method is superior in detection performance to the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both objective measure and visual quality.

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“…Infrared small target detection plays an important role in many applications such as infrared search and tracking system (IRST), automatic target recognition system (ATR) and early warning system [1][2][3]. Due to the long-imaging distance in these applications, targets are usually small and lack of shape and structure information in infrared images, leading to the difficulties in extracting abundant distinctive features of the targets [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the IPI model was proposed, many efforts were made to improve its performance. The weighted nuclear norm minimization (WNNM) [31], the capped norm [32], the truncated nuclear norm minimization (TNNM) [33], the Schatten-p norm [34] and the γ norm (NRAM) [3] were applied to approximate the rank more precisely. Moreover, the weighted l 1 norm [35], the capped l 1 norm [36], the l 2 , 1 norm [37], and the l p norm [3] have also been proposed to improve the sparse representation ability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structure-Adaptive Clutter Suppression for Infrared Small Target Detection: Chain-Growth Filtering

Huang

Liu

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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Robust detection of infrared small target is an important and challenging task in many photoelectric detection systems. Using the difference of a specific feature between the target and the background, various detection methods were proposed in recent decades. However, most methods extract the feature in a region with fixed shape, especially in a rectangular region, which causes a problem: when faced with complex-shape clutters, the rectangular region involves the pixels inside and outside the clutters, and the significant grey-level difference among these pixels leads to a relatively large feature in the clutter area, interfering with the target detection. In this paper, we propose a structure-adaptive clutter suppression method, called chain-growth filtering, for robust infrared small target detection. The well-designed filtering model can adjust its shape to fit various clutter structures such as lines, curves and irregular edges, and thus has a more robust clutter suppression capability than the fixed-shape feature extraction strategy. In addition, the proposed method achieves a considerable anti-noise ability by employing guided filter as a preprocessing approach and enjoys the capability of multi-scale target detection without complex parameter tuning. In the experiment, we evaluate the performance of the detection method through 12 typical infrared scenes which contain different types of clutters. Compared with seven state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method shows the superior clutter-suppression effects for various types of clutters and the excellent detection performance for various scenes.Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 47 2 of 22 decades, and they can be generally grouped into two categories: track-before-detect (TBD)-based methods and detect-before-track (DBT)-based methods.The TBD-based methods, such as pipeline filtering [11], hypothesis testing [12], 3-D matched filtering [13], temporal profile filtering [14], dynamic programming [15] and so on, try to use the grayscale consistency and the trajectory continuity of the targets in consecutive frames so as to discriminate the small targets from noise [16][17][18][19]. These methods are based on two assumptions; one is that the motion model of the target is known, the other is that the background motion is slow. In ideal conditions, both assumptions are satisfied; the energy of the targets is accumulated in adjacent frames, and the difference between targets and noise is increased. As a result, the TBD-based methods perform well in low signal-to-clutter conditions. However, in practical applications, we can hardly acquire the precise motion model of the targets, and the backgrounds can move fast when the infrared detector is in a moving platform. Therefore, both of the two assumptions could fail in real situations, and the performance of the TBD-based methods could degrade significantly [20]. Meanwhile, high time and storage requirements also make these TBD approaches unsuited to large-scale engineering projects [21].Compared with TBD-based methods, DBT-bas...

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Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Non-Convex Optimization with Lp-Norm Constraint

Cited by 119 publications

References 51 publications

Classification of Infrared Objects in Manifold Space Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence of Gaussian Distributions of Image Points

Classification of Infrared Objects in Manifold Space Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence of Gaussian Distributions of Image Points

Infrared Small Target Detection with Total Variation and Reweighted ℓ1 Regularization

Structure-Adaptive Clutter Suppression for Infrared Small Target Detection: Chain-Growth Filtering

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