Infrared Thermally Enhanced 3-Dimensional Time of Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography Imaging for the Visualization of the Arteries of the Face

Hendrickx, Benoit; Waked, Karl; Mespreuve, Marc

doi:10.1093/asjof/ojaa020

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Contrast enhanced TOF-MRA with gadolinium injection, which could visualize the periphery of ECA system more, was not performed on our patients, because of the examination time and the slight invasive method. However, contrast enhanced TOF-MRA visualize not only small arteries, but also the venous system, so that it is hard to visualize only theca branches separately [24]. Therefore, contrast enhanced MRA would not be superior to ASL-MRA, which can visualize only the periphery of ECA system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of arterial spin labeling MR angiography (ASL-MRA) in visualizing the branches of external carotid artery

Yogi,

Ito,

Ishikawa

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study aimed to assess the performance of arterial-spin labeling MRA (ASL-MRA) for visualizing the external carotid artery (ECA) branches in comparison with time-of-flight MRA (TOF-MRA) and CT angiography (CTA). We retrospectively selected 31 consecutive patients, who underwent both MRAs and CTA, prior to the intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy (IACRT) for head and neck cancer. Four patients underwent IACRT bilaterally, so we analyzed 35 ECAs. Pseudo-continuous, three-dimensional ASL using a turbo field echo sequence was acquired. For the TOF-MRA and CTA, clinically used parameters were applied. Two observers evaluated each ECA branch with reference to the angiogram at the IACRT, using five-point scale, in consensus. Friedman test for multiple comparisons was applied. ASL-MRA and CTA better visualized the superior thyroid, lingual, facial, submental, transverse facial, and internal maxillary arteries (IMAs) better than TOF-MRA (p < 0.05). In addition, CTA was superior to ASL-MRA in visualizing only submental artery among these arteries (p = 0.0005). Alternatively, the ASL-MRA was superior for visualizing the middle meningeal artery (MMA) and IMA, compared to the CTA (p = 0.0001 and 0.0007, respectively). ASL-MRA was superior to the TOF-MRA and similar to the CTA in visualizing most of ECA branches. Furthermore, ASL-MRA can better visualize the periphery of MMA and IMA than CTA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of arterial spin labeling MR angiography (ASL-MRA) in visualizing the branches of external carotid artery

Yogi,

Ito,

Ishikawa

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…32 Face arterial anatomy is known for its extreme variation. 33 Therefore, improving preoperative comprehension of the arterial branches in patients undergoing intravascular or open surgery would potentially reduce the risk of unexpected embolization 34 or dissection of vessels. 35 Alongside luminal evaluation, FLEXA also proved beneficial for plaque detection using axial images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Two‐Point Dixon MR Angiography Improves Diagnostic Performance for Cervical Artery Diseases

Amemiya

Takei²,

Ueyama

et al. 2022

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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BackgroundNonenhanced MR angiography (MRA) studies are often used to manage acute and chronic large cervical artery disease, but lengthy scan times limit their clinical usefulness.PurposeTo develop an accelerated cervical MRA and test its diagnostic performance.Study TypeProspective.PopulationPatients with cervical artery disease (n = 32, 17 males).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; accelerated two‐point Dixon three‐dimensional Cartesian spoiled gradient‐echo (FLEXA) and conventional time‐of‐flight MRA (cMRA) sequences.AssessmentAll patients underwent FLEXA (1′28″) and cMRA (6′47″) acquisitions. Quantitative evaluation (artery‐to‐background signal ratio and a blur metric) and qualitative evaluation using diagnostic performance measured by the sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values (PPV/NPV), and vessel and plaque visualization scores from three board‐certified radiologists' (with 10, 11, and 12 years of experience) independent readings using maximum intensity projection (MIP) for luminal diseases and axial images for plaque. The reference standards were contrast‐enhanced angiography and fat‐saturated T1‐weighted images, respectively.Statistical TestsAll measures were compared between FLEXA and cMRA using the paired t, Wilcoxon signed‐rank, McNemar's, or chi‐squared test, as appropriate. Interreader agreement was assessed using Cohen's κ. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe artery‐to‐background signal ratio was significantly higher for FLEXA (FLEXA: 7.20 ± 1.63 [fat]; 4.26 ± 0.52 [muscle]; cMRA: 2.57 ± 0.49 [fat]), while image blurring was significantly less (FLEXA: 0.24 ± 0.016; cMRA: 0.30 ± 0.029). In luminal disease detection, sensitivity (FLEXA: 0.97/0.91/0.91; cMRA:0.71/0.69/0.63), specificity (FLEXA: 0.98/0.93/0.98; cMRA:0.93/0.85/0.92), PPV (FLEXA: 0.92/0.86/0.86; cMRA: 0.64/0.5/0.58), and NPV (FLEXA: 0.99/0.98/0.98; cMRA: 0.92/0.91/0.9) were significantly higher for FLEXA. interreader agreement was substantial to almost perfect for FLEXA (κ = 0.82/0.86/0.78) and moderate to substantial for cMRA (κ = 0.67/0.56/0.57). MIP visualization scores were significantly higher for FLEXA, with substantial to almost perfect interreader agreement (FLEXA: κ = 0.83/0.86/0.82; cMRA: κ = 0.89/0.79/0.79). In plaque detection, sensitivity (FLEXA: 0.9/0.9/0.7; cMRA: 0.3/0.6/0.2) and specificity (FLEXA: 1/0.87/1; cMRA: 0.93/0.63/0.97) were significantly higher for FLEXA in two of three readers. The interreader plaque detection agreement was fair to substantial (FLEXA: κ = 0.63/0.69/0.48; cMRA: κ = 0.21/0.45/0.20). Side‐by‐side plaque and vessel wall visualization was superior for FLEXA in all readers, with moderate to substantial interreader agreement (plaque: κ = 0.73/0.73/0.77; vessel wall: κ = 0.57/0.40/0.39).Data ConclusionFLEXA enhanced visualization of the cervical arterial system and improved diagnostic performance for luminal abnormalities and plaques in patients with cervical artery diseases.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2

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“…The heath induced vasodilatation and enhanced the vascular flow, both aiding in an enhanced image acquisition. 17 , 18 At the same time, the patients were asked to stimulate their facial muscles by slowly moving their lips and forehead and switching between several facial expressions during the exposure time in order to further enhance the visualization of the facial arteries (by vascular dilatation and increased flow speed). 19 After the acquisition of the scout views, a 3D-TOF MOTSA MRA sequence was acquired in an oblique coronal plane (tilting of 25° backwards vs the line between the glabella and the chin).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MRA protocol is summarized in Table 1 and has been developed, based on a previously published study discussing the MRA sequence in more detail. 17 The acquisition time was 13 minutes and 30 seconds. During that time, the patient was asked to remain completely still with the eyes and mouth closed and the face parallel to the examination table.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usefulness of Magnetic Resonance Angiography to Analyze the Variable Arterial Facial Anatomy in an Effort to Reduce Filler-Associated Blindness: Anatomical Study and Visualization Through an Augmented Reality Application

Mespreuve

Waked²,

Collard³

et al. 2021

Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum

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Background The use of soft tissue fillers for facial rejuvenation is increasing rapidly and the complications, unfortunately, follow the same path. Blindness caused by intravascular filler injections is a rare but devastating complication. Knowledge of the individual arterial anatomy may aid the injector in avoiding injecting into an artery. Increasing the awareness about and illustration of the extreme variations in the individual vascular anatomy and subsequently procuring information for the accurate planning of those, so called, minimally invasive procedures may help to prevent blindness. Objectives To evaluate if the use of Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) may visualise the arterial facial anatomy in a contrast- and radiation-free way and study the individual arterial variations using an augmented reality (AR) image. Methods The individual arterial anatomy of the three terminal branches of the Ophthalmic Artery (Supraorbital (SO); Supratrochlear (STr); and Dorsal Nasal (DN) arteries) of 20 volunteers was studied by a 3 Tesla MRI, adapting a recently published imaging technique, combining infrared (IR) facial warming and 3D-TOF MOTSA MRA. The resulting visualisation of the facial arteries was shown on the patient’s face through AR technology. Results The MRA was able to visualise the SO in 90.0%, STr in 92.5%, and DN arteries in 75% of the examined patients, as well as numerous variations in both vessel localization and path. Furthermore, a proof-of-concept of the AR-visualisation of the individual arterial anatomy was successfully implemented. Conclusions Dermal filler injectors should be aware of the risk of filler-induced blindness and familiarise themselves with the visualisation of the variable facial vascular anatomy around the eye. The implementation of a one-time MRA and subsequent AR-visualisation may be useful in the accurate planning of minimally invasive facial rejuvenation procedures.

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Infrared Thermally Enhanced 3-Dimensional Time of Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography Imaging for the Visualization of the Arteries of the Face

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

The effect of arterial spin labeling MR angiography (ASL-MRA) in visualizing the branches of external carotid artery

The effect of arterial spin labeling MR angiography (ASL-MRA) in visualizing the branches of external carotid artery

Accelerated Two‐Point Dixon MR Angiography Improves Diagnostic Performance for Cervical Artery Diseases

The Usefulness of Magnetic Resonance Angiography to Analyze the Variable Arterial Facial Anatomy in an Effort to Reduce Filler-Associated Blindness: Anatomical Study and Visualization Through an Augmented Reality Application

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