Infraspinatus Muscle Atrophy in Professional Baseball Players

Cummins, Craig A.; Messer, Terry M.; Schäfer, Michael F.

doi:10.1177/0363546503260731

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[17][18][19] The incidence of infraspinatus tears that is secondary to nerve injury has been shown to be especially high among athletes involved in overhead activities such as volleyball or baseball. 20,21) Because atrophy of the muscles can be induced by tears or by nerve injuries, the two etiologies require differentiation to avoid misdiagnosing or neglecting the conditions. We assessed the patients' preoperative MRIs and found that no masses suggestive of impingement around the suprascapular nerve were found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated Ruptures of the Infraspinatus: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Oh³

2017

Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow

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Background: Isolated infraspinatus tear is very rare and clinical features are not as well known, therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of isolated infraspinatus tear that authors experienced. Methods: Authors reviewed 288 cases of full-thickness rotator cuff tear involving infraspinatus between 2010 and 2015, and retrospectively analyzed six cases of isolated infraspinatus tear. Perioperative clinical characteristics, postoperative functional outcomes of 6 months were investigated. Functional evaluation included visual analogue scale (VAS), range of motions, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Constant score. Results: Calcific tendinitis was accompanied in 4 cases (66.7%). Three of them received steroid injection or aspiration or extracorporeal shockwave therapy. Mean preoperative pain VAS was 7.1 (range, 5-9), and mean postoperative pain VAS at 6 months later was 1.6 (range, 0-5). Preoperative muscle strength by isokinetic muscle performance test showed 52% deficit of abduction and 37.6% deficit of external rotation. All 6 patients had arthroscopic repair of the infraspinatus tendon. All the patients at the 6 months follow-up exhibited clinical improvement in the Constant score (67.8 [range, 45-77] Conclusions: Isolated infraspinatus tendon tear was frequently accompanied by calcific tendinitis, but pathophysiologic relationship should need more study. To rule out neurogenic etiology, magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography would be helpful. Arthroscopic infraspinatus tendon repair and supraspinatus debridement showed relatively good result in painful shoulder. (Clin Shoulder Elbow 2017;20(1):30-36)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated Ruptures of the Infraspinatus: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Oh³

2017

Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow

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“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Patients who have injury to the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch often present with isolated infraspinatus muscle atrophy. Because this location of nerve injury is distal to the sensory fibers from the suprascapular nerve, there may be no history of shoulder pain.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because this location of nerve injury is distal to the sensory fibers from the suprascapular nerve, there may be no history of shoulder pain. 21,26 The incidence of distal suprascapular nerve injuries in overhead throwing athletes is likely significantly higher than in the general population. Not limited to baseball, asymptomatic atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle was identified in 12 of 96 top-level volleyball players.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Similar findings were observed in major league professional baseball players, with isolated infraspinatus muscle atrophy present in 4% of major league pitchers. 21 Infraspinatus muscle atrophy was more common among starting pitchers, more experienced pitchers, and pitchers who had thrown for more innings at the major league level, so amount of throwing appears to play a significant role. 21 An additional cause of suprascapular nerve injury is compression by a ganglion cyst.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Infraspinatus muscle atrophy was more common among starting pitchers, more experienced pitchers, and pitchers who had thrown for more innings at the major league level, so amount of throwing appears to play a significant role. 21 An additional cause of suprascapular nerve injury is compression by a ganglion cyst. 28,29 Baseball players can develop superior and posterior labral tears as a result of the stresses placed on the shoulder during the throwing motion.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Baseball Players

Cummins¹

2009

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America

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A review of upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries in throwing athletes

Bowers

Cherian

Zaremski

2022

PM&R

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Peripheral nerve injuries in the upper extremities may be common in throwing athletes as the throwing motion places extreme stress on the dominant arm. The combination of extreme stress along with repetitive microtrauma from throwing uniquely places the throwing athlete at elevated risk of upper extremity peripheral nerve injury. However, because symptoms can be nonspecific and frequently coexist with pathology in the upper extremity, the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injury is often delayed. Diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries may require a combination of history and physical examination, diagnostic imaging, electrodiagnostic testing, and diagnostic ultrasound-guided injections. The primary management should include physical therapy focusing on throwing mechanics and kinetic chain evaluation. However, some athletes require surgical intervention if symptoms do not improve with conservative management. The purpose of this focused narrative review is to highlight upper extremity peripheral neuropathies reported in throwing athletes and to provide an overview of the appropriate clinical diagnosis and management of the throwing athlete with a peripheral nerve injury.

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Infraspinatus Muscle Atrophy in Professional Baseball Players

Abstract: Infraspinatus atrophy was identified in 4.4% of major league starting pitchers and occurred in those pitchers who pitched for more years and innings during their major league career.

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Isolated Ruptures of the Infraspinatus: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes

Isolated Ruptures of the Infraspinatus: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes

Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Baseball Players

A review of upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries in throwing athletes

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