Ingestion of a Cold Temperature/Menthol Beverage Increases Outdoor Exercise Performance in a Hot, Humid Environment

Trong, Than Tran; Riera, Florence; Rinaldi, Kévin; Briki, Walid; Hue, Olivier

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123815

Cited by 51 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, only 1 study was performed in moderate ambient conditions (28°C) 65 . Within this study, the ingestion of a menthol aromatized beverage of 3°C was not effective in improving exercise performance (3%, ES = 0.32), whereas a menthol ice slurry (0.2°C) did significantly improve performance (6.2%, ES = 0.67).…”

Section: Combination Of Pre- and Per-coolingmentioning

confidence: 84%

Cooling interventions for athletes: An overview of effectiveness, physiological mechanisms, and practical considerations

Bongers¹,

Hopman²,

2017

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Exercise-induced increases in core body temperature could negative impact performance and may lead to development of heat-related illnesses. The use of cooling techniques prior (pre-cooling), during (per-cooling) or directly after (post-cooling) exercise may limit the increase in core body temperature and therefore improve exercise performance. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of current scientific knowledge in the field of pre-cooling, per-cooling and post-cooling. Based on existing studies, we will discuss 1) the effectiveness of cooling interventions, 2) the underlying physiological mechanisms and 3) practical considerations regarding the use of different cooling techniques. Furthermore, we tried to identify the optimal cooling technique and compared whether cooling-induced performance benefits are different between cool, moderate and hot ambient conditions. This article provides researchers, physicians, athletes and coaches with important information regarding the implementation of cooling techniques to maintain exercise performance and to successfully compete in thermally stressful conditions.

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Section: Combination Of Pre- and Per-coolingmentioning

confidence: 84%

Cooling interventions for athletes: An overview of effectiveness, physiological mechanisms, and practical considerations

Bongers¹,

Hopman²,

2017

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“…One additional study (Riera, Trong, Sinnapah, & Hue, 2014) was identifi ed through cross-referencing eligible studies. Th erefore, a total of 16 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis (Burdon, Hoon, Johnson, Chapman, & O'Connor, 2013;Ihsan, Landers, Brearley, & Peeling, 2010;Jeff ries, Goldsmith, & Waldron, 2018;Maunder, Laursen, & Kilding, 2017;Riera et al, 2014;Siegel et al, 2010;Siegel, Mate, Watson, Nosaka, & Laursen, 2012;Stanley, Leveritt, & Peake, 2010;Stevens, Dascombe, Boyko, Sculley, & Callister, 2013;Stevens et al, 2016;Takeshima, Onitsuka, Xinyan, & Hasegawa, 2017;Tran Trong, Riera, Rinaldi, Briki, & Hue, 2015;.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th e ice dose was standardized as ice slurry ingestion relative to the body mass (i.e., g·kg-1). Four studies did not report this value directly and the doses were estimated using the total fl uid consumption divided by the mean body mass reported in each study (Maunder et al, 2017;Riera et al, 2014;Stanley et al, 2010;Tran Trong et al, 2015). For one study (Riera et al, 2014), the ice dose was determined by combining the ice/fl uid ingestion during warm-up, immediately at the beginning of the performance trial, at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd 5-km of the 20-km time trial.…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For one study (Riera et al, 2014), the ice dose was determined by combining the ice/fl uid ingestion during warm-up, immediately at the beginning of the performance trial, at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd 5-km of the 20-km time trial. For one study (Tran Trong et al, 2015), the ice dose was determined based on during one block of 4-km cycling and 1.5-km running. Studies that employed ice slurry ingestion prior to the endurance performance test only, were coded for subgroup analysis.…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since a post-analyses of the results suggest the temperature gradient of the ice and fl uid ingestion does not aff ect the eff ect size, the trial results based on two diff erent control fl uid temperatures (Tran Trong et al, 2015) were combined (Julian PT Higgins & Green, 2008) to avoid the unit-of-analysis error. Studies that investigated the temporal eff ect of ice slurry ingestion were treated as independent data points Takeshima et al, 2017).…”

Section: Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optimizing Ice Slurry Ingestion for Endurance Performance in the Heat: A Meta-Analysis

Zhang¹

2019

J. Anthr. Sport Phis. Educ.

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Ice slurry ingestion is a simple cooling intervention purported to improve endurance performance. Despite its popularity in the fi eld, a recent meta-analysis suggested this intervention has no performance eff ect. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to determine the eff ect of ice slurry ingestion on endurance performance in the heat. Data for this meta-analysis were retrieved from the PubMed. Eff ect sizes were calculated as the standardized mean diff erence (Hedges' g), and meta-analyses were completed using a random-eff ects model. A method-of-moments meta-regression was used to determined confounding factors. Sixteen studies using randomized controlled trials with a total of 152 subjects were included. Improvement in endurance performance in the heat was moderate: g=0.54 (95% confi dence interval, 0.30-0.77, p<0.001). There was a signifi cant dose eff ect associated with the endurance performance (p=0.024); moreover, the performance eff ects of ice slurry ingestion were not infl uenced by the timing of ingestion or environmental conditions. These data support the ingestion of ice slurry during endurance events in the heat. To optimize this simple cooling strategy in the fi eld, it is recommended to ingest no more than 10 g • kg −1 before or during exercise.

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Triathlon and Ultra-Endurance Events in Tropical Environments

Chabert¹,

Hermand²

2019

Heat Stress in Sport and Exercise

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Physical performance in tropical environments, which combine heat and high humidity, is a challenge that requires specific preparation. The high humidity of a tropical climate alters thermoregulatory capacity by limiting the rate of sweat evaporation. Proper management of wholebody temperature is thus essential to complete an endurance event like a long-distance triathlon or an ultramarathon in such an environment. In triathlon and ultra-endurance races, which can last from 8 to 20 h, performance in tropical settings is closely linked to the capacity to maintain hydration status. Indeed, the rate of withdrawal in these longer events has been associated with water intake, with many finishers showing alterations in electrolyte (e.g. sodium) balance. To counterbalance the impact of a tropical climate and maintain performance, several countermeasures can be adopted, such as using hydration and cooling strategies, and heat acclimation.

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Ingestion of a Cold Temperature/Menthol Beverage Increases Outdoor Exercise Performance in a Hot, Humid Environment

Cited by 51 publications

References 34 publications

Cooling interventions for athletes: An overview of effectiveness, physiological mechanisms, and practical considerations

Cooling interventions for athletes: An overview of effectiveness, physiological mechanisms, and practical considerations

Optimizing Ice Slurry Ingestion for Endurance Performance in the Heat: A Meta-Analysis

Triathlon and Ultra-Endurance Events in Tropical Environments

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