Ingestion of the anti‐bacterial agent, gemifloxacin mesylate, leads to increased gst activity and peroxidation products in hemolymph of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae)

Erdem, Meltem; Küçük, Ceyhun; Büyükgüzel, Ender; Büyükgüzel, Kemal

doi:10.1002/arch.21352

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Taking into consideration that the OP analyzed are poor in flavonoids, the phenolic acids present in the samples studied are probably related to antimicrobial/antioxidant activity [46]. Antibiotics have recently been proven to cause oxidative stress on bacteria, thus affecting their survival [47,48]. Therefore, since the OP variants assessed in this study display antioxidant properties, their antimicrobial effects are probably not due to oxidative stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of South Brazilian Organic Propolis

et al. 2016

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South Brazilian organic propolis (OP), which has never been studied before, was assessed and its chemical composition, scavenging potential of reactive oxygen species, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities are herein presented. Based on the chemical profile obtained using HPLC, OP was grouped into seven variants (OP1–OP7) and all of them exhibited high scavenging activity, mainly against superoxide and hypochlorous acid species. OP1, OP2, and OP3 had the smallest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus aureus (12.5–100 μg/mL). OP1, OP2, OP3, and OP4 were more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), with MIC values ranging from 100 to 200 μg/mL. OP6 showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing NF-kB activation and TNF-α release in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and expressing the NF-κB-luciferase reporter stable gene. Therefore, south Brazilian OP can be considered an excellent source of bioactive compounds with great potential of application in the pharmaceutical and food industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of South Brazilian Organic Propolis

et al. 2016

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“…Moreover, enzymes such as GSTs are active in different physiological compartments [e.g. tissue (Yan et al, 2012) versus hemolymph enzymes (Erdem et al, 2016)]. Immune-detoxification interactions may be limited to a subset of pathways in each system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating when ill is risky: immune defense impairs food detoxification in the caterpillar,Manduca sexta

McMillan

Miller

Adamo

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Mounting an immune response consumes resources, which should lead to increased feeding. However, activating the immune system reduces feeding (i.e. illness-induced anorexia) in both vertebrates and invertebrates, suggesting that it may be beneficial. We suggest that illness-induced anorexia may be an adaptive response to conflicts between immune defense and food detoxification. We found that activating an immune response in the caterpillar increased its susceptibility to the toxin permethrin. Conversely, a sublethal dose of permethrin reduced resistance to the bacterium, demonstrating a negative interaction between detoxification and immune defense. Immune system activation and toxin challenge each depleted the amount of glutathione in the hemolymph. Increasing glutathione concentration in the hemolymph increased survival for both toxin- and immune+toxin-challenged groups. The results of this rescue experiment suggest that decreased glutathione availability, such as occurs during an immune response, impairs detoxification. We also found that the expression of some detoxification genes were not upregulated during a combined immune-toxin challenge, although they were when animals received a toxin challenge alone. These results suggest that immune defense reduces food detoxification capacity. Illness-induced anorexia may protect animals by decreasing exposure to food toxins when detoxification is impaired.

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“…As cited before, it is not unusual to add antimicrobial agents to the diet to avoid contamination and ensure larval development. However, dietary antibiotics like penicillin, streptomycin, and fluoroquinolone induce oxidative damage in the midgut tissues or the hemolymph and impair the activity of some antioxidant enzymes of G. mellonella , such as the superoxide dismutase and the glutathione S‐transferase, thereby impacting the larval physiology and possibly its capacity to combat invading pathogens (48–50). Similarly, high concentrations of the antifungal agent terbinafine impaired the activity of glutathione S‐transferase, in addition to completely inhibiting egg laying (45).…”

Section: Providing the Ideal Artificial Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of rearing and testing conditions and a guide for optimizing Galleria mellonella breeding and use in the laboratory for scientific purposes

Pereira

Rossi

2020

APMIS

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Pereira MF, Rossi CC. Overview of rearing and testing conditions and a guide for optimizing Galleria mellonella breeding and use in the laboratory for scientific purposes. APMIS 2020; 128: 607-620. The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is an increasingly popular and consolidated alternative infection model to assess microbial virulence and the effectiveness of antimicrobial compounds. The lack of G. mellonella suppliers aiming at scientific purposes and a lack of well-established protocols for raising and testing these animals may impact results and reproducibility between different laboratories. In this review, we discuss the state of the art of rearing the larvae in situ, providing an overview of breeding and testing conditions commonly used and their influence on larval health and experiments results, from setting up the environment, providing the ideal diet, understanding the effects of pretreatments, choosing the best testing conditions, to exploring the most from the results obtained. Meanwhile, we guide the reader through the most practical ways of dealing with G. mellonella to achieve successful experiments.

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Ingestion of the anti‐bacterial agent, gemifloxacin mesylate, leads to increased gst activity and peroxidation products in hemolymph of Galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of South Brazilian Organic Propolis

Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of South Brazilian Organic Propolis

Eating when ill is risky: immune defense impairs food detoxification in the caterpillar,Manduca sexta

Overview of rearing and testing conditions and a guide for optimizing Galleria mellonella breeding and use in the laboratory for scientific purposes

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