Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance, and status: An integration

Mullen, Brian; Brown, Rupert; Smith, Colleen

doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420220202

Cited by 1,068 publications

(906 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Both studies showed intergroup schadenfreude to be extremely opportunistic -that is, sensitive to moderating contextual factors. This is consistent with an emerging view of group evaluation, where favoritism toward ingroups and derogation of outgroups is highly sensitive to contextual factors like threat, group status, and group size (see Diehl, 1990;Mullen, Brown, & Smith, 1992;Bourhis, 1994 for reviews). The role of interest in the particular sport being studied also affirms the importance of domain relevance in studies of intergroup evaluation.…”

Section: Conceptual Implicationssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…For example, members of actual low status groups, whose group identity is "chronically" threatened by their relative inferiority to higher status groups, evaluate outgroups most negatively (Mullen, Brown, & Smith, 1992). So too have more "acute" threats of group inferiority, in the form of poor performance on a specific task, been shown to make more negative evaluations of outgroups that perform better (for a review see Mummendey & Otten, 1998).…”

Section: The Threat Of Status Inferiority Should Increase Schadenfreudementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group.

Leach

Spears²,

Branscombe

et al. 2003

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

356

292

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Two studies examined intergroup schadenfreude --malicious pleasure at an outgroup's misfortune. Study 1 showed that schadenfreude regarding a German loss in soccer was increased by interest in soccer and threats of Dutch inferiority. The effect of inferiority threat was especially strong for participants less interested in soccer, as the more interested showed relatively high schadenfreude. Study 2 replicated these effects by showing a similar pattern of schadenfreude regarding losses by Germany and Italy in another setting. However, schadenfreude toward legitimately superior Italy was lower when a norm of honest and direct expression was made salient to participants lower in soccer interest. These results establish schadenfreude as an emotion that is moderated by the salient dimensions of particular intergroup relations.

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Section: Conceptual Implicationssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: The Threat Of Status Inferiority Should Increase Schadenfreudementioning

confidence: 99%

Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group.

Leach

Spears²,

Branscombe

et al. 2003

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

356

292

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some recent studies on intergroup cognition have taken such an approach, with results revealing that a variety of contextual manipulations connoting danger (and thus presumably activating self-protection goals) lead to exaggerated stereotypes and prejudices (e.g., Judd & Park, 1988;Mullen, Brown, & Smith, 1992;Rothgerber, 1997;. More directly relevant to the present inquiry, there is also evidence that a danger-connoting context (intergroup competition) can lead to enhanced recall of the personal characteristics of outgroup members (Judd & Park, 1988); this latter phenomenon also implies some impact of the goal state on attention processes.…”

Section: Transitional Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Evolved Motives to Everyday Mentation: Evolution, Goals, and Cognition

et al. 2004

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introductionWalking across a crowding shopping mall, you may see a group of people who vary in their race, gender, attractiveness, clothing style, and demeanor. A similarly complex array of social stimuli confronts us at conferences, airports, farmer's markets, and college campuses. Rarely do we attend equally to all individuals in such complex social environments or to all characteristics of any given individual. Rather, we selectively direct our attention toward a smaller subset of individuals and characteristics. This selective direction of attention often occurs automatically, without conscious intent, and can have important consequences for subsequent thoughts and actions.Who do we attend to, think about, and later remember? And how are the answers to this question linked to our goals at the moment? We recently embarked on a program of research to explore the processes that influence the selective and automatic direction of perceptual and cognitive resources. In this chapter, we present a conceptual framework that begins to articulate the role that fundamental social goals play in governing these processes. We focus, in particular, on the ways in which self-protection and mating goals selectively facilitate attention toward people who have characteristics relevant to those goals. Integrating theory and research on selective attention processes, the influence of goals on social cognition and behavior, and ecological theories of motivation and social cognition, our

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“…Inclusiveness per se has been proposed as a factor influencing the dynamics of identification: Identification will be stronger in more inclusive groups (Mullen, Brown, & Smith, 1992). Translated to our setting this would mean that we were to find the highest levels of identification at the community level, intermediate identification at the national level, and the weakest identification at the European level.…”

Section: Inclusiveness Of Identificationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Inclusiveness of identification among farmers in The Netherlands and Galicia (Spain)

Klandermans

Cameselle

Rodríguez

2004

Euro J Social Psych

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In this paper we discuss inclusiveness of identification among farmers in Galicia (Spain) and The Netherlands. Identification with three nested categories-farmers in the local community, farmers in the country, and farmers in Europe was assessed among 167 Dutch and 248 Galician farmers at three points in time: winter of 1993/94, winter 1995 and fall 1995. Our findings suggest that inclusiveness reduces the level of identification. However, the observed patterns of identification were more complex than inclusiveness per se can account for. Borrowing from the common ingroup-identity model, functional and socialization models of identity formation, and a model of politicized collective identity we formulated hypotheses about patterns of identification that were to be expected. On the whole our findings supported our theoretical reasoning. Galician farmers appear to identify much less with farmers in their country and Europe than Dutch farmers do. Inclusiveness of identification appears to be linked to experience with national and supranational political institutions. More political knowledge and involvement appear to generate more inclusive patterns of identification. Among Galician farmers evaluation of the agricultural policy of the European Union is negatively related to identification with farmers in Europe, among Dutch farmers the two are positively related. Finally, more inclusive identities seem to be more politicized.

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Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance, and status: An integration

Cited by 1,068 publications

References 58 publications

Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group.

Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group.

From Evolved Motives to Everyday Mentation: Evolution, Goals, and Cognition

Inclusiveness of identification among farmers in The Netherlands and Galicia (Spain)

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