Inhalation exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk of Chinese population

Zhang, Yanxu; Tao, Shu; Shen, Huizhong; Ma, Jianmin

doi:10.1073/pnas.0905756106

Cited by 414 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In other words, areas of high population density correspond to areas of a potentially high health effects. Similar conclusion was drawn by Zhang et al (2009) who quantify the inhalation exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk among Chinese population and found that population of major cities had a higher risk of lung cancer than those residing the rural areas. It must be, however, remembered that in this work, the Polish-wide population exposure to B(a)P was calculated as the populationweighted exposure, i.e., the average exposure per hypothetical inhabitant across specific geographic region.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Lung Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Benzo(A)Pyrene in Polish Agglomerations, Cities, and Other Areas

2017

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer occurrence around the world. When exploring the geographic distribution in lung cancer incidence in Poland, we found that PM 10 -bound benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) emission from domestic heating contributes to lung cancer risk mostly in areas outside the cities and agglomerations (so-called remaining areas). When averaging B(a)P concentrations within provinces, the B(a)P exposure accounts for even 31% to the total lung cancer cases. To check to which extent the concentration of B(a)P could contribute to an increase probability of lung cancer occurrence, the analysis of health risk was performed. The B(a)P concentration data were downloaded from the Polish Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (CIEP) database. Those concerned the period between 2010 and 2015 and included cities, agglomerations, typically rural sites, and the remaining areas. It was found that the mean concentration of B(a)P in the mentioned period, averaged within specific geographic areas, varied from 1.39 ng/m 3 at the rural sites to 4.86 ng/m 3 in the remaining areas. The inhalation lung cancer risk resulting from the life-long exposure to B(a)P in most conservative (pessimistic) scenario was above the acceptable limits, i.e., E-06. On average, the highest lung cancer risk was found in Opolskie (7.33E-04) and the lowest one in Lubelskie province (1.02E-04), while in the rural areas one order of magnitude lower and amounted to (E-05). Presented results indicate the need for further research on geographic patterns of lung cancer incidence in Poland due to regional differences in air pollution. Such information could be further used for planning long-term strategies to reduce the ambient concentrations of B(a)P.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Lung Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Benzo(A)Pyrene in Polish Agglomerations, Cities, and Other Areas

2017

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“…In northern China, PAH exposure comes primarily from coal combustion. Shanxi Province produced 300 million tons of coal in 2003 and ranked first in PAH emission among all Chinese provinces (23). Coincident with PAH emission, the prevalence of NTDs in Shanxi Province was the highest in the country (24), with a prevalence rate of as high as 13.9 per 1,000 in some rural communities (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of selected persistent organic pollutants in the placenta with the risk of neural tube defects

Ren

Qiu

Jin

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

260

169

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects. Our case-control study was performed to explore the association between placental levels of selected POPs and risks for neural tube defects (NTDs) in a Chinese population with a high prevalence of NTDs. Cases included 80 fetuses or newborns with NTDs, whereas the controls were 50 healthy, nonmalformed newborn infants. Placental concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The medians of PAHs, o,p′-isomers of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and metabolites, α-and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and α-endosulfan were significantly higher in case placentas than in controls. PAH concentrations above the median were associated with a 4.52-fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.10-9.74) increased risk for any NTDs, and 5.84-(95% CI, 2.28-14.96) and 3.71-fold (95% CI, 1.57-8.79) increased risks for anencephaly and spina bifida, respectively. A dose-response relationship was observed between PAH levels and the risk of NTDs, with odds ratios for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, compared with the first, of 1.77-(95% CI, 0.66-4.76), 3.83-(95% CI, 1.37-10.75), and 11.67-fold (95% CI, 3.28-41.49), respectively. A dose-response relationship was observed for anencephaly and spina bifida subtypes. Similar results were observed for o,p′-DDT and metabolites, α-HCH, γ-HCH, and α-endosulfan, whereas no dose-response relationship was observed for the last two pollutants. Elevated placental concentrations of PAHs, o,p′-DDT and metabolites, and α-HCH were associated with increased risks of NTDs in this population.congenital abnormalities | indoor air pollution

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“…High concentrations of PAHs were extensively detected around this country (Bi et al, 2003;Guo et al, 2003;Feng et al, 2006a;Feng et al, 2006b;Li et al, 2006;Luo et al, 2010), inducing elevated lung cancer risk to Chinese population via inhalation exposure (Zhang et al, 2009). PAHs released in China could also be dispersed rapidly through air, and many recent studies have shown that the elevated PAH concentrations are monitored in surrounding countries and continents located downwind of China, including Korea, Japan, and North America, which can be attributed to the outflow of PAHs from China under certain meteorological conditions (Killin et al, 2004;Lee et al, 2006;Tamamura et al, 2007;Lang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rural and urban areas of northern China

Wang

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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Thirty six pairs of gas and particle (PM 2.5 . Seasonal trends of PAH concentrations were observed with high concentrations in winter and low in summer, mainly due to regional sources and meteorological conditions. The association with other airborne pollutants and diagnostic ratio analysis indicated that PAHs in Eastern China background were predominantly from coal/biomass combustion. Coal combustion controlled atmospheric PAHs in winter, whilst biomass burning became important in summer and autumn. Located at eastern coastal areas, Ningbo site was chosen to estimate the atmospheric outflow of PAHs. Transport fluxes were characterized by elevated values in spring and winter. Southward transport fluxes dominated during the sampling period, presenting the transport from northern to southern China.

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Inhalation exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lung cancer risk of Chinese population

Cited by 414 publications

References 34 publications

Lung Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Benzo(A)Pyrene in Polish Agglomerations, Cities, and Other Areas

Lung Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Benzo(A)Pyrene in Polish Agglomerations, Cities, and Other Areas

Association of selected persistent organic pollutants in the placenta with the risk of neural tube defects

Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rural and urban areas of northern China

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