Inhalation of fine particulate matter during pregnancy increased IL-4 cytokine levels in the fetal portion of the placenta

Melo, Juliana Oliveira de; Soto, Sonia; Katayama, Isis Akemi; Wenceslau, Camilla F; Pires, Amanda Gonçalves; Veras, Mariana Matera; Furukawa, Luzia Naôko Shinohara; Castro, Isac de; Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento; Heimann, Joel Cláudio

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.001

Cited by 79 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Indeed, these results are consistent with published experimental findings (de Melo et al 2015; Veras et al 2008). Veras et al (2008) showed that pregnant mice exposed to air pollution had decreased placental vasculature, but the fetuses had decreased flow resistance in order to maintain the proper flow.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Veras et al (2008) showed that pregnant mice exposed to air pollution had decreased placental vasculature, but the fetuses had decreased flow resistance in order to maintain the proper flow. de Melo et al (2015) demonstrated that pregnant rats exposed to air pollution, before and during pregnancy, had an increase of interleukin-4 in the fetal portion of the placenta, suggesting an anti-inflammatory placental response to previous inflammatory process induced by the pollutants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Possible mechanisms for this association include oxidative stress, inflammation, systemic alterations in the hematocrit and blood viscosity, coagulation, endothelial dysfunction, and hemodynamic responses. These mechanisms are regarded as leading to a loss in placentation and placental dysfunction (Brook et al 2010; de Melo et al 2015; Kannan et al 2006; Slama et al 2008; Sørensen et al 2003; Veras et al 2008). Because adequate placentation and placental functioning are essential for a normal pregnancy, impairment of these processes, reflected by alterations in markers of placental growth and function, represent a risk factor for fetal adverse outcomes (Schlembach et al 2007; Veras et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the placenta is an extremely important organ that is responsible for the exchange of gas and fetal nutrients during pregnancy. Maternal air pollution exposure may affect pregnancy by inducing oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, decreasing the degree of placental global DNA methylation, and eliciting suboptimal placentation or placental inflammation (Brook et al 2010; de Melo et al 2015; Janssen et al 2013; Kannan et al 2006; van den Hooven et al 2012; Veras et al 2008). Thereby, the above-described pregnancy complications are suggested to have their origin in abnormal early placentation, which is characterized by impaired trophoblast invasion and a lack of modification of the spiral arteries (Campbell 2007; Kaufmann et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Influences on Placental Vascularization Indexes

Hettfleisch¹,

Bernardes²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:It has been widely demonstrated that air pollution can affect human health and that certain pollutant gases lead to adverse obstetric outcomes, such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.Objectives:We evaluated the influence of individual maternal exposure to air pollution on placental volume and vascularization evaluated in the first trimester of pregnancy.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study on low-risk pregnant women living in São Paulo, Brazil. The women carried passive personal NO2 and O3 monitors in the week preceding evaluation. We employed the virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) technique using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound to evaluate placental volume and placental vascular indexes [vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI)]. We analyzed the influence of pollutant levels on log-transformed placental vascularization and volume using multiple regression models.Results:We evaluated 229 patients. Increased NO2 levels had a significant negative association with log of VI (p = 0.020 and beta = –0.153) and VFI (p = 0.024 and beta = –0.151). NO2 and O3 had no influence on the log of placental volume or FI.Conclusions:NO2, an estimator of primary air pollutants, was significantly associated with diminished VI and VFI in the first trimester of pregnancy.Citation:Hettfleisch K, Bernardes LS, Carvalho MA, Pastro LD, Vieira SE, Saldiva SR, Saldiva P, Francisco RP. 2017. Short-term exposure to urban air pollution and influences on placental vascularization indexes. Environ Health Perspect 125:753–759; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP300

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Influences on Placental Vascularization Indexes

Hettfleisch¹,

Bernardes²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Although the relative contribution of the size and content of particles relative to other chemical constituents was not determined, exposure of rats to urban air pollution with a high content of particles (PM 2.5 , 600 g/m 3 ) before and during pregnancy increased the cytokine of interleukin 4 (IL-4) in the fetal part of the placenta, indicating a placental inflammatory reaction [89].…”

Section: Indirect Effects Due To Maternal Inflammatory Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on the developmental toxicity of inhaled nanoparticles

Hougaard

Campagnolo

Chavatte‐Palmer

et al. 2015

Reproductive Toxicology

158

126

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This paper aimed to clarify whether maternal inhalation of engineered nanoparticles (NP) may constitute a hazard to pregnancy and fetal development, primarily based on experimental animal studies of NP and air pollution particles. Overall, it is plausible that NP may translocate from the respiratory tract to the placenta and fetus, but also that adverse effects may occur secondarily to maternal inflammatory responses. The limited database describes several organ systems in the offspring to be potentially sensitive to maternal inhalation of particles, but large uncertainties exist about the implications for embryo-fetal development and health later in life. Clearly, the potential for hazard remains to be characterized. Considering the increased production and application of nanomaterials and related consumer products a testing strategy for NP should be established. Due to large gaps in data, significant amounts of groundwork are warranted for a testing strategy to be established on a sound scientific basis.

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Environmental exposures during pregnancy: Mechanistic effects on immunity

Rychlik

Sillé

2019

Birth Defects Research

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In human studies, it is well established that exposures during embryonic and fetal development periods can influence immune health. Coupled with genetic predisposition, these exposures can alter lifetime chronic and infectious disease trajectory, and, ultimately, life expectancy. Fortunately, as research advances, mechanisms governing long‐term effects of prenatal exposures are coming to light and providing the opportunity for intervention and risk reduction. For instance, human association studies have provided a foundation for the association of prenatal exposure to particulate matter with early immunosuppression and later allergic disease in the offspring. Only recently, the mechanisms mediating this response have been revealed and there is much we have yet to discover. Although cellular immune response is understood for many exposure scenarios, molecular pathways are still unidentified. This review will provide commentary and synthesis of the current literature regarding environmental exposures during pregnancy and mechanisms determining immune outcomes. Shared mechanistic features and current gaps in the state of the science are identified and discussed. To such purpose, we address exposures by their immune effect type: immunosuppression, autoimmunity, inflammation and tissue damage, hypersensitivity, and general immunomodulation.

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Inhalation of fine particulate matter during pregnancy increased IL-4 cytokine levels in the fetal portion of the placenta

Cited by 79 publications

References 46 publications

Short-Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Influences on Placental Vascularization Indexes

Short-Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Influences on Placental Vascularization Indexes

A perspective on the developmental toxicity of inhaled nanoparticles

Environmental exposures during pregnancy: Mechanistic effects on immunity

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