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Introduction. Modern algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) recommend a stepwise approach for managing symptoms of the disease. A part of patients with AR have symptoms that indicate to the past COVID-19 followed by significant impairment of the olfactory function. The article places special emphasis on the intranasal glucocorticosteroid option of treatment to manage nasal and general symptoms in persistent AR.The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of mometasone furoate in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of persistent AR, olfactory disorders, and past COVID-19 infection.Materials and methods. A total of 72 patients with persistent AR were included in the randomized controlled prospective study. All patients had a history of olfactory dysfunction with varied severity, which persisted after COVID-19 infection.Results. Measuring the severity of nasal and general symptoms on Day 15 of treatment showed a positive outcome in both groups: the patients of the main group experienced changes, to a greater extent, in nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, olfactory disorders, the patients of the control group generally demonstrated a reduction in nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, itching and sneezing, and improvement of sleep. The final measuring of the severity of complaints on Day 30 of treatment showed that patients of the main group managed to cure the olfactory disorders (0.9 points on the VAS), nasal congestion (0.4 points on the VAS), rhinorrhea and itching (0.2 points on the VAS). Sleep disorders continued to disturb patients in both groups, its improvements in the main group were statistically insignificant.Conclusions. The complaints of nasal congestion, impaired olfactory function and sleep disorders were noted to prevail in patients with persistent form of AR after COVID-19. The followed measuring of the olfactory function using the SST-12 screening test showed that all patients had anosmia. It has been confirmed that the use of mometasone furoate in the treatment of persistent AR in patients with severe olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19 would be appropriate.
Introduction. Modern algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) recommend a stepwise approach for managing symptoms of the disease. A part of patients with AR have symptoms that indicate to the past COVID-19 followed by significant impairment of the olfactory function. The article places special emphasis on the intranasal glucocorticosteroid option of treatment to manage nasal and general symptoms in persistent AR.The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of mometasone furoate in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of persistent AR, olfactory disorders, and past COVID-19 infection.Materials and methods. A total of 72 patients with persistent AR were included in the randomized controlled prospective study. All patients had a history of olfactory dysfunction with varied severity, which persisted after COVID-19 infection.Results. Measuring the severity of nasal and general symptoms on Day 15 of treatment showed a positive outcome in both groups: the patients of the main group experienced changes, to a greater extent, in nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, olfactory disorders, the patients of the control group generally demonstrated a reduction in nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, itching and sneezing, and improvement of sleep. The final measuring of the severity of complaints on Day 30 of treatment showed that patients of the main group managed to cure the olfactory disorders (0.9 points on the VAS), nasal congestion (0.4 points on the VAS), rhinorrhea and itching (0.2 points on the VAS). Sleep disorders continued to disturb patients in both groups, its improvements in the main group were statistically insignificant.Conclusions. The complaints of nasal congestion, impaired olfactory function and sleep disorders were noted to prevail in patients with persistent form of AR after COVID-19. The followed measuring of the olfactory function using the SST-12 screening test showed that all patients had anosmia. It has been confirmed that the use of mometasone furoate in the treatment of persistent AR in patients with severe olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19 would be appropriate.
Allergic rhinitis occupies a special place among diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Every year the urgency of the problem increases due to the annual increase in the incidence among all age groups of the population. Allergic diseases are often associated with other respiratory diseases or cause them, which requires early diagnosis and selection of competent therapy. Allergic reactions can range from seasonal allergens, such as tree or weed pollen, to year-round irritants, such as dust and pet dander. Currently, the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is being actively studied. There is still debate about the most accurate classification of allergic rhinitis, reflecting all its aspects, such as the time of onset and duration of symptoms, their impact on patients’ lives. This is necessary to find the best methods of treatment with maximum efficiency. The main clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis are nasal itching, sneezing, swelling of the nasal mucosa and rhinorrhea. Often, to relieve symptoms, patients are forced to take many drugs for a long time, which has a significant impact on their quality of life. All over the world, new ways are being developed to optimize the treatment of this group of patients, among which combinations of several drugs used to treat allergic rhinitis, which meet all safety and efficacy requirements. The most commonly used and most effective combinations of drugs are combinations of intranasal glucocorticosteroids with topical histamine H1 receptor antagonists, as well as leukotriene receptor blockers with oral antihistamines.
Glucocorticoids are the most prescribed drugs for the treatment of inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases. However, a wide range of side effects can negatively affect the process of active orthodontic treatment and the stability of results. The study aimed to identify the side effects of glucocorticoids that negatively affect orthodontic treatment and retention period, to develop an orthodontic treatment algorithm for patients taking glucocorticoids on regular basis in different drug release forms (intra-articular injections, tablets, inhalations, sprays, ointments/creams), to test the algorithm in clinical practice. An electronic search of published meta-analyzes and systematic reviews included in databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE and MEDLINE, Web of Science) was used. In clinical part of our own research 348 patients were included with any type of orthodontic pathology (patients age 5-53 years). The total number of articles found was 23. The algorithm contains clinical recommendations during active treatment and retention period for patients taking glucocorticoids in various drug release forms. Among 348 patients, 27 patients (7.8%) aged 6 to 53 years, used glucocorticoids on regular basis. From them 8 patients (29.6%) used glucocorticoids nasal sprays (beclomethasone, budesonide), 8 patients (29.6%) – ointments/creams (betamethasone, methylprednisolone), 9 patients (33.3%) used corticosteroids by inhalation (budesonide, beclomethasone) and 2 patients (7.4%) – per os 3 patients (11.1%) simultaneously used glucocorticoids in 2 different forms (nasal sprays + inhalations, inhalations + ointments). 1. Decreased bone mineral density, a possible skeletal growth retardation in children, increased risk of caries, candidiasis and xerostomia are the most common side effects, which could affect orthodontic treatment negatively. 2. For 27 patients (7.8%) treatment plan and orthodontic procedures were carried out in accordance with medical and positive drug anamnesis.
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