Inhibiting Effect of Macrolide Polyene Antibiotics on Reproduction of Viruses

Abstract

The review provides a comparative analysis of the inhibitory effect of macrocyclic polyene antibiotics on the reproductive properties of some viruses of various structures — vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), enterovirus, influenza virus, etc. The data on the morphological structure of viruses and on the mechanism of penetration of viruses into cells are presented. The article also provides data on the transcription, assembly of viruses, and inhibition of the process of virus replication in cell cultures in vitro using macrolide polyene antibiotics. On the basis of experimental data for the studied viruses, a polyene antibiotics' blocking mechanism of the process of virus penetration through cytoplasmic membranes and their reproduction in the cell is proposed.

Antifungal Macrocycle Antibiotic Amphotericin B—Its Present and Future. Multidisciplinary Perspective for the Use in the Medical Practice

“…As an effective antifungal drug, amphotericin B may be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of enterovirus infection. Amphotericin B and its methyl ester also exhibit antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), hepatitis, Sindbis virus, vaccinia virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) [8,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91]. These drugs have been used in combined therapy for the treatment of fungal and viral infections.…”

“…Endosomal pH rises, becomes alkaline under the action of amphotericin B, which is unacceptable for viral replication and development. As a result, the virus loses its activity and the infection does not spread further [88,89,91]. The antiviral activity of amphotericin B is also manifested in the case of the hepatitis B virus [87,91].…”

“…As a result, the virus loses its activity and the infection does not spread further [88,89,91]. The antiviral activity of amphotericin B is also manifested in the case of the hepatitis B virus [87,91]. Treatment of hepatitis B virus particles with amphotericin B (5-250 μg/mL) showed that the DNA polymerase activity of the hepatitis B virus increased with an increase in the concentration of the antibiotic.…”

“…Amphotericin B and its methyl ester increase interferon production and inhibit virus penetration and its action in cells in vitro. In this case, the antibiotic affects the work of polyribocytidylic acid, which influences interferon synthesis [86,87,91]. A study and analysis of the effect of amphotericin B on the influenza virus was carried out [88].…”

“…It is relatively simple in structure. Data on the effect of amphotericin on early influenza virus replication obtained in [89][90][91] indicate that amphotericin B acts as a pre-replication inhibitor on the influenza virus. Penetrating through the cell membrane, the virus released from the protein spikes of hemagglutinin in the viral envelope, penetrates into the endosome (cytoplasmic vesicle), where the acidity of the endosomal fluid changes (normally the pH of the medium decreases), which leads to the appearance of amphiphilic domains (new surface structures).…”