Inhibition of Bacterial Adherence by Nasopharyngeal Secretions

Kurono, Yuichi; Shigemi, Hideo; Shimamura, Koichiro; Mogi, Goro

doi:10.1177/000348949110000605

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These findings provide support for the view that three serial IT challenges of a single strain is sufficient to induce the production of strain-specific IgA which is capable of inhibiting the adherence of the homologous strain to the airway epithelium, while repeated IT challenges by three different strains generate strain-specific IgA which lacks such activity (Taylor et al 1990;Kurono et al 1991). We, therefore, examined the issue of whether strain-specific IgA and its avidity were associated with an enhanced bacterial clearance in the lungs of mice (Kauppi-Korkeila et al 1996;Breukels et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Collectively, these data demonstrate that three serial IT immunizations of a single strain could lead to the production of strainspecific IgA as well as IgG, subsequently leading to an enhanced bacterial clearance of the homologous strain in the lung. The association of the enhanced bacterial clearance of strain H04-06 in the lungs of mice after three serial repeated IT challenge of the homologous strain with the presence of strain-specific IgA, but not IgG, may underscore the importance of strain-specific IgA in BAL fluids for inhibiting bacterial adherence in the airway (Taylor et al 1990;Kurono et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain-Specific Pulmonary Defense Achieved after Repeated Airway Immunizations with Non-Typeable Haemophilus Influenzae in a Mouse Model

Koyama

Ahmed

Zhao

et al. 2007

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Strain-specific immune responses may play a critical role in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and the outer membrane protein P2 is one of surface antigens of NTHi, which may contribute to the strain-specific protective immunity. We examined whether repeated airway immunizations with killed-NTHi strains bearing different P2 molecules were capable of inducing protective immunity against homologous or heterologous strains in the lungs of a mouse model. Three different strains of NTHi were used in this study. Three serial intratracheal (IT) immuizations of a single strain or three different strains of NTHi led to the production of cross-reactive immunoglobulins G and A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Three serial IT immunizations with a single strain enhanced the bacterial clearance of the homologous strain in the lungs, but no enhancement of bacterial clearance was found with three serial IT immunizations of heterologous strains. The enhancement in bacterial clearance, therefore, appears to be primarily strain-specific. Enhanced bacterial clearance of a hetrologous strain was also found after three serial IT immunizations of a single strain among two of the three strains employed for bacterial challenge. These findings suggest that P2 molecules and surface antigens other than P2 are involved in the development of pulmonary defense against NTHi in mice. Our data may explain, in part, why patients with COPD experience recurrent NTHi infections.non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae; outer membrane protein P2; pulmonary defense; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; acute exacerbation

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-Specific Pulmonary Defense Achieved after Repeated Airway Immunizations with Non-Typeable Haemophilus Influenzae in a Mouse Model

Koyama

Ahmed

Zhao

et al. 2007

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Secretory IgA (IgA) is known to have an inhibitory effect on bacterial adherence (25,42). Salivary secretory IgA has been shown to possess inhibitory activity to various species of Streptococcus, and the inhibitory activity of secretory IgA correlates with the agglutinating activity (32,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the characterization of T cells from MEM, three-color flow cytometric analysis was performed (24,25). For staining of memory or naive Th cells, FITC-conjugated anti-CD4 (anti-L3T4; H129.19), phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated anti-CD45RB (16A), and Cy-Chromeconjugated anti-CD3ε (145-2C11) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used.…”

Section: Analysis and Purification Of T Cells In Memmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Specific Immunoglobulin A and Th2 Immune Responses to P6 Outer Membrane Protein of NontypeableHaemophilus influenzaein Middle Ear Mucosa by Intranasal Immunization

et al. 2000

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Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a major pathogen of otitis media. One of the outer membrane proteins of NTHI, P6, is an antigen common to all strains and is considered as a candidate for mucosal vaccine. To elucidate the possibility of developing a nasal vaccine against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) and to investigate mucosal immune responses in the middle ear, mice were immunized intranasally with the P6 outer membrane protein of NTHI, and P6-specific immune responses in the middle ear mucosa were examined. Mice were given with P6 and cholera toxin intranasally as an adjuvant on days 0, 7, and 14 and were killed on day 21. The P6-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody titer in ear wash was significantly elevated. Mononuclear cells were isolated from middle ear mucosa, and an increase in P6-specific IgA-producing cells was shown with an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. In addition, an increase in memory T cells in middle ear mucosa was detected with flow cytometric analysis after intranasal immunization. Moreover, in vitro stimulation with P6 resulted in proliferation of purified CD4 ؉ T cells from immunized mice, and these T cells expressed Th2 cytokine mRNA. These results indicate that P6-specific IgA-B-cell immune responses and selected Th2 cytokine expressing Th cells were induced in middle ear mucosa by intranasal immunization. These findings suggest that a nasal vaccine is useful for preventing otitis media with effusion.Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a major pathogen of otitis media with effusion (OME) and other upper respiratory tract diseases (10, 30). In patients with OME, this bacterium is frequently isolated from the nasopharynx, as well as from middle ear effusions, and the inhibition of NTHI colonization in the upper respiratory tract is considered effective in preventing OME. Due to the increase of antibiotic-resistant strains of NTHI in recent years, the development of a vaccine against this bacterium is considered an important goal for public health. Since NTHI lacks capsular antigens, the chief antigenicity is present in the outer membrane proteins (OMPs). One of the OMPs of NTHI, P6, is a common antigen to all strains and is considered as a candidate for mucosal vaccine (7,9,10,11,30,31).In the mucosal surface, secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a major role in protective immunity. We previously demonstrated that intranasal immunization was an effective regimen for inducing mucosal IgA immune responses in the upper respiratory tract (26) and that the nasal mucosal IgA immune responses induced by intranasal immunization were effective for the clearance of bacteria in the nasopharynx.The mucosal immune system is considered as a separate functional entity quite independent of the systemic immune system because the mucosal immune system possesses unique anatomic features and is composed of specialized subsets of lymphoid cells (21,27,34). Despite the recent emphasis on a better understanding of molecular and cellular aspects of the mucosal immune system,...

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“…These patients are more prone to respiratory tract infections, including rhinosinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, chronic pulmonary infections, and infectious asthma (3)(4)(5)25). Among the effector mechanisms of mucosal immunity in bacterial disease, IgA can inhibit adherence or growth of pathogenic bacteria (14,15,17,34). The importance of mucosal immunity, e.g., IgA, in resistance to respiratory disease is probably best demonstrated for viral infections (7,8,26,27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mucosally Induced Immunoglobulin E-Associated Inflammation in the Respiratory Tract

et al. 2000

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The purpose of the present study was to determine the immunologic responses, particularly immunopathologic reactions, associated with nasal immunization with the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin (CT). BALB/c mice were nasally immunized with tetanus toxoid (TT) combined with CT, and the responses of these mice were determined. After nasal immunization, mice produce a serum antibody response, primarily of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype of predominantly IgG1 subclass, against both TT and CT. Along with the antibody responses, we also found that inflammatory reactions, which could be potentially fatal, developed within the lung. Furthermore, IgE responses were also induced after nasal immunization, and these responses were associated with the detection of interleukin 5 in the serum. Thus, nasal immunization with TT plus CT likely results in the activation of Th2 cells, which may contribute to serious immunopathologic reactions in the lung.

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Inhibition of Bacterial Adherence by Nasopharyngeal Secretions

Cited by 53 publications

References 10 publications

Strain-Specific Pulmonary Defense Achieved after Repeated Airway Immunizations with Non-Typeable Haemophilus Influenzae in a Mouse Model

Strain-Specific Pulmonary Defense Achieved after Repeated Airway Immunizations with Non-Typeable Haemophilus Influenzae in a Mouse Model

Induction of Specific Immunoglobulin A and Th2 Immune Responses to P6 Outer Membrane Protein of NontypeableHaemophilus influenzaein Middle Ear Mucosa by Intranasal Immunization

Mucosally Induced Immunoglobulin E-Associated Inflammation in the Respiratory Tract

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