PURPOSE: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) is a common early complication after lung transplantation. The purpose of this study was to compare ultrashort echo-time (UTE) sequences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) reference standard for detection of I/R injury in a lung transplantation mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six mice (C57BL/6) underwent orthotopic lung transplantation using donor grafts that were exposed to 6-hour cold ischemia. Imaging was performed within 24 hours after the transplantation with high-resolution micro-CT (tube voltage, 50 kV; current, 500 mA; aluminum filter, 0. (35); mean (SD) S0 value, 2310 (300); and mean (SD) T2*, 4550 (3230) s for the transplanted left lung. Slight infiltration could be better discriminated with micro-CT, whereas, in strong infiltration, a better contrast was provided by UTE MRI. The area under the curve values resulting from the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were 0.99 for HU density, 0.89 for S0, 0.96 for T2*, and 0.98 for the combination of S0 and T2*. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that MRI of the lung has a similar diagnostic power compared with that of micro-CT regarding the detection of I/R injury after experimental lung transplantation. Both modalities provide complementary information in the assessment of dense and slight infiltration in the early phase after lung transplantation. Therefore, UTE MRI seems to be a promising addition to computed tomographic imaging in the assessment of I/R injury after lung transplantation.