Inhibition of central vestibular neurons from the contralateral labyrinth and its mediating pathway.

Shimazu, Hiroshi; Precht, W.

doi:10.1152/jn.1966.29.3.467

Cited by 614 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…Weak electrical stimulation of the contralateral vestibular nerve inhibits the spontaneous discharges of Type I neurons, whereas midline incisions which interrupt the commissural fibers from the contralateral labyrinth completely abolish such inhibition. These and other related experiments have led Shimazu and Precht (1966) to conclude that the increase in discharge rate of Type I vestibular neurons during ipsilateral rotation is in part the result of the withdrawal of contralateral labyrinthine inhibition. It could be argued that after unilateral labyrinthine lesion, the Type I neurons on the intact side could exhibit a degree of hypersensitivity to ipsilateral rotary stimulation as a result of the removal of contralateral inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…There is some neurophysiological evidence to support this assumption. Shimazu and Precht (1966) have shown that there are strong inhibitory influences on Type I vestibular neurons originating from the contralateral labyrinth. Type I neurons depolarize and hyperpolarize to ipsi-and contralateral rotation, respectively, and are considered to be major vestibular neurons because of their lower threshold to rotary stimulation (Precht, Shimazu, & Markham, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of visual-vestibular conflict on the latency of steady-state visually induced subjective rotation

Wong

Frost

1981

Perception & Psychophysics

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Two experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that the long onset latency of steady-state subjective rotation induced by rotating a tall striped drum around a stationary observer is the result of visual-vestibular conflict. A reduction of this conflict should, therefore, reduce the length of the latency period. In Experiment 1, visual-vestibular conflict was reduced by providing the observers with corroborating vestibular stimulation at the start of optokinetic stimulation. Onset latencies were found to be significantly shortened with corroborating vestibular stimulation, but to be unaffected by noncorroborating vestibular stimulation. In Experiment 2, testing was done on a group of patients with unilateral (right labyrinth) Meniere's disease, which produces decreased vestibular sensitivity to rightward body rotation and increased vestibular sensitivity to leftward body rotation. Visual-vestibular conflict during subjective rotation to the right should therefore be decreased, while during leftward subjective rotation it should be increased. The prediction that the latency to steadystate subjective rotation should be shorter than normal with subjective rotation to the left was supported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of visual-vestibular conflict on the latency of steady-state visually induced subjective rotation

Wong

Frost

1981

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…During active impulses, the VOR gain towards the non-adapting side also increased by ∼8 %, an increase ∼70 % less than the adapting side. This result might be due to changes in the signals carried by the inhibitory commissural vestibular pathways from the adapting side, which contribute to the non-adapting side response (McCrea et al 1981;Shimazu and Precht 1966). If the sensitivity of Type I neurons on the adapting side (medial vestibular nucleus (MVN); for horizontal VOR) is increased due to adaptation training, then their firing rate will be greater than normal during rotations to the adapting side, and presumably less than normal during rotations to the non-adapting side.…”

Section: Unilateral Incremental Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Adaptation of the Human Angular Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex

Migliaccio

Schubert

2012

JARO

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A recent study showed that the angular vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) can be better adaptively increased using an incremental retinal image velocity error signal compared with a conventional constant large velocity-gain demand (×2). This finding has important implications for vestibular rehabilitation that seeks to improve the VOR response after injury. However, a large portion of vestibular patients have unilateral vestibular hypofunction, and training that raises their VOR response during rotations to both the ipsilesional and contralesional side is not usually ideal. We sought to determine if the vestibular response to one side could selectively be increased without affecting the contralateral response. We tested nine subjects with normal vestibular function. Using the scleral search coil and head impulse techniques, we measured the active and passive VOR gain (eye velocity / head velocity) before and after unilateral incremental VOR adaptation training, consisting of self-generated (active) head impulses, which lasted ∼15 min. The head impulses consisted of rapid, horizontal head rotations with peak-amplitude 15 o , peak-velocity 150 o /s and peak-acceleration 3,000 o /s 2 . The VOR gain towards the adapting side increased after training from 0.92±0.18 to 1.11±0.22 (+22.7± 20.2 %) during active head impulses and from 0.91± 0.15 to 1.01±0.17 (+11.3±7.5 %) during passive head impulses. During active impulses, the VOR gain towards the non-adapting side also increased by ∼8 %, though this increase was ∼70 % less than to the adapting side. A similar increase did not occur during passive impulses. This study shows that unilateral vestibular adaptation is possible in humans with a normal VOR; unilateral incremental VOR adaptation may have a role in vestibular rehabilitation. The increase in passive VOR gain after active head impulse adaptation suggests that the training effect is robust.

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“…Moreover, the fact that contralateral efferent responses were abolished by shallow midline lesions is hardly definitive. Besides crossing efferent axons (Lysakowski and Singer 2000), commissural fibers (Shimazu and Precht 1966) and possibly other fiber systems will be severed by such lesions.…”

Section: Efferent Actions Discharge Regularity and Neuroepithelial mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efferent Actions in the Chinchilla Vestibular Labyrinth

Marlinski

Plotnik

Goldberg

2004

JARO

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Efferent fibers were electrically stimulated in the brain stem, while afferent activity was recorded from the superior vestibular nerve in barbiturate-anesthetized chinchillas. We concentrated on canal afferents, but otolith afferents were also studied. Among canal fibers, calyx afferents were recognized by their irregular discharge and low rotational gains. In separate experiments, stimulating electrodes were placed in the efferent cell groups ipsilateral or contralateral to the recording electrode or in the midline. While single shocks were ineffective, repetitive shock trains invariably led to increases in afferent discharge rate. Such excitatory responses consisted of fast and slow components. Fast components were large only at high shock frequencies (200-333/s), built up with exponential time constants <0.1 s, and showed response declines or adaptation during shock trains >1 s in duration. Slow responses were obtained even at shock rates of 50/s, built up and decayed with time constants of 15-30 s, and could show little adaptation. The more regular the discharge, the larger was the efferent response of an afferent fiber. Response magnitude was proportional to cv* b , a normalized coefficient of interspike-interval variation (cv*) raised to the power b = 0.7. The value of the exponent b did not depend on unit type (calyx vs. bouton plus dimorphic, canal vs. otolith) or on stimulation site (ipsilateral, contralateral, or midline). Responses were slightly smaller with contralateral or midline stimulation than with ipsilateral stimulation, and they were smaller for otolith, as compared to canal, fibers.An anatomical study had suggested that responses to contralateral afferent stimulation should be small or nonexistent in irregular canal fibers. The suggestion was not confirmed in this study. Contralateral responses, including the large responses typically seen in irregular fibers, were abolished by shallow midline incisions that should have severed crossing efferent axons.

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Inhibition of central vestibular neurons from the contralateral labyrinth and its mediating pathway.

Cited by 614 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of visual-vestibular conflict on the latency of steady-state visually induced subjective rotation

The effect of visual-vestibular conflict on the latency of steady-state visually induced subjective rotation

Unilateral Adaptation of the Human Angular Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex

Efferent Actions in the Chinchilla Vestibular Labyrinth

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