Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis

Kelloff, Gary J.; Boone, Charles W.; Steele, Vernon E.; Fay, Judith R.; Sigman, Caroline C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4076-1_4

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 352 publications

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“…There are three possible chemopreventive mechanisms that involve DNA repair (70,71). The first is an increase in the overall level of DNA repair.…”

Section: Target Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium induces differentiation in a number of epithelial tissues, including mouse skin (101), rat esophagus (102), human colon (103), and human mammary gland (104,105 (70,71).…”

Section: Target Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, agents such as the retinoids and PKC inhibitors, which affect activities at the cell membrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear membrane levels, can also affect other connected events such as growth factor expression and polyamine metabolism (70,71 (117,118) showed that D-limonene, found in citrus oils, inhibits the progression of mammary tumors induced in rats by either MNU or DMBA. They also showed that D-limonene inhibits farnesylation of small G proteins; these data suggest that D-limonene prevents oncogene activation by inhibiting posttranslational farnesylation of the ras p21 protein (119).…”

Section: Target Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kelloff et al (70,71) have discussed other mechanisms by which suppressing agents might inhibit molecular and cellular events associated with the promotion/progression stages of carcinogenesis; e.g., restoration of tumor suppressor function, inhibition of angiogenesis, and activation of antimetastasis genes. Although these are logical targets for chemoprevention, at present there is little evidence to suggest that known chemopreventive agents act through these mechanisms.…”

Section: Target Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives in cancer chemoprevention.

Stoner

Morse

Kelloff

1997

Environ Health Perspect

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Cancer chemoprevention can be defined as prevention of cancer by the administration of one or more chemical entities, either as individual drugs or as naturally occurring constituents of the diet. Based largely on the time period that chemopreventive agents exhibit activity in animal models of carcinogenesis, they can be classified as inhibitors of carcinogen formation, blocking agents, and suppressing agents. The majority of compounds that inhibit the formation of carcinogens prevent the formation of nitrosamines from secondary amines and nitrite in an acidic environment. Blocking agents are inhibitors of tumor initiation, while suppressing agents are inhibitors of tumor promotion/progression. Many well-characterized chemopreventive agents act at one or more steps in both tumor initiation and promotion/progression. The objective of this paper is to provide a general discussion of the mechanisms through which chemopreventive agents inhibit carcinogenesis. Examples of agents that act through these mechanisms are given; however, a complete listing of effective chemopreventive agents is not possible within the context of this paper. At the conclusion is a brief discussion of future prospects in cancer chemoprevention and obstacles to overcome. Environ Health Perspect 1 05(Suppl 4): 945-954 (1997)

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“…There are three possible chemopreventive mechanisms that involve DNA repair (70,71). The first is an increase in the overall level of DNA repair.…”

Section: Target Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium induces differentiation in a number of epithelial tissues, including mouse skin (101), rat esophagus (102), human colon (103), and human mammary gland (104,105 (70,71).…”

Section: Target Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Target Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Target Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Perspectives in cancer chemoprevention.

Stoner

Morse

Kelloff

1997

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Free radicals also cause DNA strand breaks and chromosome deletions and rearrangements. Further, activated oxygen species most likely play an important role in tumor promotion and progression (Kelloff et al, 1995). For these reasons, the search for antioxidants as cancer chemopreventive agents is a continued process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on Inhibition of Proliferation and Antioxidant Enzyme Level of Lippia nodiflora in EAC Cell Line Treated Mice

Ashokkumar¹,

Mazumder²,

Gupta³

et al. 2009

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine

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Objective:The methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora (MELN) (Verbenaceae) was evaluated for antitumor activity against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice.Methods: MELN was administered at 200 and 400mg/kg body weight daily for 9 days after 24 h of tumor inoculation. After 18 h fasting, mice were sacrificed. The present study deals with the effect of MELN on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing hosts. Hematological profiles and biochemical parameters were estimated for hepato-renal function and metabolism. Further, Antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated.Results: MELN showed significant (p < 0.001) decrease in tumor volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count and elevated the life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. Hematological profiles reverted to more/less normal levels in extract treated mice. The extract marginally altered serum enzymes, total proteins and bilirubin compared with that of EAC bearing mice. MELN significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of GSH, CAT and SOD. Conclusion:The results of the present study suggest that MELN exhibited significant antitumor activity may be due to the increase of antioxidant activity in EAC bearing mice.

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Tea antioxidants in cancer chemoprevention

Katiyar¹,

Mukhtar²

1997

J. Cell. Biochem.

177

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In recent years, the concept of cancer chemoprevention has matured greatly. Significant reversal or suppression of premalignancy in several sites by chemopreventive agents appears achievable. This article summarizes experimental data on chemopreventive effects of tea polyphenols in different tumor bioassay systems. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is cultivated in about 30 countries, and is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Three main commercial tea varieties-green, black, and oolong-are usually consumed, but most experimental studies demonstrating the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of tea have been conducted with water extract of green tea, or a polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea (GTP). The majority of these studies have been conducted in a mouse skin tumor model system where tea is fed either as water extract through drinking water, or as purified GTP. GTP has been shown to exhibit antimutagenic activity in vitro, and inhibit carcinogen-as well as UV-induced skin carcinogenesis in vivo. Tea consumption has also been shown to afford protection against chemical carcinogen-induced stomach, lung, esophagus, duodenum, pancreas, liver, breast, and colon carcinogenesis in specific bioassay models. Several epicatechin derivatives (polyphenols) present in green tea have been shown to possess anticarcinogenic activity; the most active is (Ϫ)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is also the major constituent of GTP. The mechanisms of tea's broad cancer chemopreventive effects are not completely understood. Several theories have been put forward, including inhibition of UV-and tumor promoter-induced ornithine decarboxylase, cyclo-oxygenase, and lipoxygenase activities, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity; enhancement of antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and quinone reductase) and phase II (glutathione-S-transferase) enzyme activities; inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and anti-inflammatory activity. These properties of tea polyphenols make them effective chemopreventive agents against the initiation, promotion, and progression stages of multistage carcinogenesis.

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Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 352 publications

Perspectives in cancer chemoprevention.

Perspectives in cancer chemoprevention.

Effect on Inhibition of Proliferation and Antioxidant Enzyme Level of Lippia nodiflora in EAC Cell Line Treated Mice

Tea antioxidants in cancer chemoprevention

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