Inhibition of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 in Vero Cells with [Cu(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2(H2O)2].Cl2

Abstract

<jats:p>Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, with an observed 30-fold increase in global incidence the last 50 years. Despite the tremendous efforts invested anti-dengue virus research, no clinically approved vaccine or antiviral chemotherapeutics are available for humans, and disease treatment is limited to supportive care. Over the years there has been a continuous interest in the chemistry of metal complexes with biological activity, including platinum complexes with antitumor activity and silver complexes with antimicrobial action. Aim of the project was to investigate [Cu(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H- imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 as antiviral compound that was further tested for inhibitory effect on the replication of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) in Vero cell. DENV-2 were infected in Vero cells and replication of virus was measured by Viral ToxGlo with selectivity index value (SI) and determined as the ratio of cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) to inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for com- pound. The standard curve between concentration of compound (μg/mL) and %viability of cells was analyzed by logarithmic cor- relation regression with regression equation. For infection rates, t-test was used to exam- ine the statistical significances among the concentrations of compound. P&lt;0.05 was considered to be significant. The maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of [Cu(2,4,5- triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 against DENV-2 was 98.62 μg/mL. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of compound against Vero cells was 300.36μg/mL. The SI values for [Cu(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 1.86. Based on selectivity index values, [Cu(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 can inhibit the growth of DENV- 2 and has low toxicity values for Vero cells.</jats:p>

Seeking heterocyclic scaffolds as antivirals against dengue virus

“…Experimental results displayed that the complex showed cytotoxicity (CC 50 ) of about 98.62 μg/ml and inhibition rate (IC 50 ) of nearly 300.36 μg/ml against the Vero cells. The selective index (SI) data showed a value of 1.96, confirming that the complex inhibits the DENV replication with minimum cytotoxicity for the Vero cells [ 112 ].…”

The crucial contribution of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in medicine

“…It is known that several drugs contain heavy elements in their chemical composition [121,122] [126]. Sr-based drugs increase bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and reduce fracture risk [127][128][129][130][131].…”

Importance of functional nutrition components on new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and other viral communicable diseases

“…Copper (II) is a co-factor in the active of superoxide dismutase, which involved in the body antioxidant defenses and the functions of critical immune cells such as T helper cells, B cells, neutrophils natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages (Raha, Mallick, Basak, & Duttaroy, 2020). In a study, it was determined that a Cu-complex compound had antiviral effect to DENV-2 in Vero cells which are monkey kidney epithelial cell (Sucipto & Martak, 2020). Sucipto and Martakalso reported that Copper (II) dihydrate exhibited a disruption effect on dengue virus replication, DENV-2, in vivo study (Sucipto & Martak, 2020).…”

“…In a study, it was determined that a Cu-complex compound had antiviral effect to DENV-2 in Vero cells which are monkey kidney epithelial cell (Sucipto & Martak, 2020). Sucipto and Martakalso reported that Copper (II) dihydrate exhibited a disruption effect on dengue virus replication, DENV-2, in vivo study (Sucipto & Martak, 2020). Copper (Cu) can significantly reduce the infectious viruses such as bronchitis virus, poliovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1).…”