Inhibition of erythroid progenitor cell growth by anti‐Ge3

Fatal hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn associated with anti‐Jra

“…In addition, anemia appeared to be poorly regenerative, as assessed by the moderate rate of acidophilic erythroblasts (41 for 100 WBCs), expected to be much higher for such a Hb level in the neonate (64 g/L). Severe fetal anemia caused by anti‐Jr a may arise from a direct toxicity process on erythroid precursor cells, as previously described for anti‐K 24,25 and more recently for anti‐Ge3 26,27 . The hypothesis of inhibition of erythroid progenitor cell growth by anti‐Jr a requires further investigation, however.…”

Antibody‐mediated glycophorin C coligation on K562 cells induces phosphatidylserine exposure and cell death in an atypical apoptotic process

“…HDFN by antibodies targeting the Ge blood group antigens are associated with late‐onset anemia at birth and a reduced or absence of ongoing reticulocytosis . The suppression of erythropoiesis, which has previously been demonstrated in vitro, presents a plausible explanation for the clinical observations. Previous work has shown that anti‐GPC () induced PS expression on normal RBCs .…”

“…Anti‐GPC has been shown to induce phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on mature RBCs, which is accompanied by a loss of cell viability within 24 hours . Recently, antibodies that target GPC have been shown to suppress in vitro erythropoiesis . Both anti‐Ge3 and a murine anti‐GPC significantly suppress erythroid progenitor cell growth as measured by erythroid colony‐forming and burst‐forming unit clonogenic assays.…”

Fetal hemolytic anemia and intrauterine death caused by anti‐M immunization

“…One hypothesis is that it is because of very rapid intravascular hemolysis. Another hypothesis might be that the mechanism is similar to anti‐K and anti‐Ge HDFN, where erythroid progenitor cells possess Kell and Gerbich antigens 13‐15 . Both MNSs and Gerbich antigens are present on glycophorins (glycophorins A, B, C, and D, respectively) 16,17 .…”