Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 by the Modified Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG-Stearate

Patel, Shivani N.; Adams, Sandra D.; Lee, Lee H.

doi:10.4236/abb.2018.912046

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Embelin, at concentrations ranging from 20 to 60 µM, inhibited the binding stage of HSV-1 infection ( Figure 7 a,b) and penetration at concentrations ranging from 20 to 56 µM ( Figure 7 a,b). The proposed antiviral mechanism of embelin is consistent with the action of other antivirals [ 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Additionally, this action may be attributed to the excellent antioxidant activity of embelin, when sequestering the superoxide radical [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Vero cells were treated with increasing concentrations of embelin, up to 70 µM concentration and 2% DMSO [ 27 ] although the maximum percentage of DMSO in this assay was 0.7%. The cell proliferation was quantified using the MTS assay.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has reported that many biological plant-based compounds have demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-1 infections. Plant based compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, pomegranate rind extract, Cornus canadensis extract, and extracts from Camellia sinensis (epigallocatechin gallate and its lipophilic modifications, and theaflavins) have demonstrated activity against HSV-1 infections [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Several studies have determined that polyphenols inhibit adsorption and penetration during the viral lytic cycle [ 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

In Vitro Analysis of the Antioxidant and Antiviral Activity of Embelin against Herpes Simplex Virus-1

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) causes a wide range of infections from mild to life-threatening in the human population. There are effective treatments for HSV-1 infections that are limited due HSV-1 latency and development of resistance to current therapeutics. The goal of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiviral effects of embelin on HSV-1 in cultured Vero cells. Oxidative stress was verified by an extensive production of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) H2O2. Vero cells were infected with a recombinant strain of HSV-1 and antiviral assays, time course attachment, penetration, and post penetration assays, confocal microscopy, qPCR, and antioxidant assays were conducted. Our results lead to the conclusion that embelin is noncytotoxic at concentrations tested ranging from 20 to 70 µM. Treatment of HSV-1 virions with embelin resulted in 98.7–100% inhibition and affected the early stage of HSV-1 infection of Vero cells, by inhibiting the attachment and penetration of HSV-1 virions to host cells. Treatment of virions with concentrations of embelin ranging from 35 to 60 µM significantly reduced the production of H2O2. In conclusion, embelin reduces oxidative damage caused by HSV-1 infection and is an effective antiviral to reduce the infection of HSV-1 in cultured Vero cells. Further studies are needed to explore the possibility of embelin as a medicinal agent.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In Vitro Analysis of the Antioxidant and Antiviral Activity of Embelin against Herpes Simplex Virus-1

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been proposed that lipid-soluble tea polyphenols could improve the effectiveness of these formulations [ 32 , 35 , 36 ]. Lipophilic modifications of EGCG, palmitoyl-EGCG [ 37 ], and EGCG-stearate [ 38 ], were found to inhibit HSV-1. A proprietary topical application containing EGCG-stearate (Camellix, LLC, Augusta, GA, USA), was administered to two patients with recurrent HSV-1 infections, reducing the symptoms of inflammation [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of the Inhibitory Activity of EGCG-Stearate against Herpes Simplex Virus-2

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

About half a billion people worldwide are infected with herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). Prolonged treatment with acyclovir (ACV) and its analogs leads to the development of resistant strains. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral potential of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from Camellia sinensis and a stable analog EGCG-stearate (EGCG-S) against HSV-2 in cultured Vero cells. Cell viability and cell proliferation assays were used to determine the non-cytotoxic concentrations on cultured Vero cells. HSV-2 with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein of VP26 virions were treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of EGCG and EGCG-S. The effects on infectivity and mechanisms were determined by plaque assay, attachment and penetration assays, confocal microscopy, qPCR, and in silico modeling analysis. Our results demonstrate that treatment of HSV-2 virions with EGCG and EGCG-S at a concentration of 75 µM showed greater than 99.9% inhibition by inhibiting the attachment of HSV-2 virions to host cells. The bioinformatic analysis indicated high binding affinity of EGCG-S for glycoprotein D; thus EGCG-S may block fusion of HSV-2 and the cell membrane, preventing entry of HSV-2 into the cell.

show abstract

“…Such include palmitoylation of EGCG (pEGCG), which resulted in more effective inhibition of HSV-1 adsorption and infection in Vero cells than did EGCG [23]. Furthermore, addition of stearic acid to EGCG to make epigallocatechin-3-gallate-stearate (EGCG-S) is another modification that enhanced stability and was also shown to inhibit HSV-1 infection in A549 cells without causing cytotoxicity at up to 75 μM, similar to EGCG [33]. In this study, we investigate the cytoprotective effects of EGCG-S on infected cells and evaluate the efficacy of EGCG-S in inhibiting infection of EV-69 in MRC-5 cells and A549 cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EGCG-S Impacts Oxidative Stress and Infection of Enterovirus 69 in Lung Cells

Mohamed¹,

Lee²,

Adams³

2021

ABB

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enteroviruses are responsible for emerging diseases which cause diverse symptoms and may result in neurological complications. An antiviral with multiple mechanisms of action can help prevent enterovirus mediated disease despite differences in the pathogenesis between enteroviruses, including the recently identified enterovirus 69 (EV-69) for which pathogenesis is not well understood. This study investigated the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate stearate (EGCG-S), a modified form of the antioxidant green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in inhibiting EV-69 infection of lung fibroblast cells in vitro. Treatment with EGCG-S resulted in moderate protection from EV-69 mediated cytotoxicity as demonstrated by increased metabolic activity as well as maintenance of cell morphology and mitochondrial function. These effects were correlated with reduced hydrogen peroxide production in infected cells following EGCG-S treatment with concentrations less than 100 µM, suggesting a role for inhibition of EV-69 mediated oxidative stress. This study provides insight into characteristics of EV-69 infection as well as the efficacy of EGCG-S mediated inhibition of EV-69 infection.

show abstract

Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 by the Modified Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG-Stearate

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

In Vitro Analysis of the Antioxidant and Antiviral Activity of Embelin against Herpes Simplex Virus-1

In Vitro Analysis of the Antioxidant and Antiviral Activity of Embelin against Herpes Simplex Virus-1

In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of the Inhibitory Activity of EGCG-Stearate against Herpes Simplex Virus-2

EGCG-S Impacts Oxidative Stress and Infection of Enterovirus 69 in Lung Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About