Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activity by the Extracts of Indian Plants

Ishizuka, Keiko; Tsutsumi, Yuto; Baba, Misato; Biyani, Radhika; Chen, Meng; Biyani, Manish; Takagi, Masahiro; Jaiswal, Jyotsna; Sharma, Bechan; Kojima, Kenji; Takita, Teisuke; Yasukawa, Kiyoshi

doi:10.14533/jbm.20.17

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Argemone mexicana , a stress-resistant member of the Papaveraceae family of plants, has been reported to possess a wide-range of biological activities, such as antibacterial [ 9 – 12 ], antifungal [ 13 – 16 ], antiviral [ 17 – 19 ], anthelmintic [ 20 – 22 ], antioxidant [ 23 – 25 ] and cytotoxic/anticancer [ 15 , 26 , 27 ] actions. This plant is native to the West Indies, but today it can also be found in Mexico and throughout the Americas [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the cytotoxic effects and several antimicrobial phytocompounds of Argemone mexicana

et al. 2021

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Commonly called the Mexican prickly poppy, Argemone mexicana is a stress-resistant member of the Papaveraceae family of plants that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries by indigenous communities in Mexico and Western parts of the United States. This plant has been exploited to treat a wide variety of ailments, with reported antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, as well as cytotoxic effects against some human cancer cell lines. Due to its various therapeutic uses and its abundance of secondary metabolites, A. mexicana has great potential as a drug discovery candidate. Herein, the germination conditions of A. mexicana are described and the cytotoxic activities of different parts (seeds, leaves, inner vs. outer roots) of the plant from methanol or hexane extracts are preliminarily characterized against cells of seven unique organisms. When comparing 1 mg of each sample normalized to background solvent alone, A. mexicana methanol outer root and leaf extracts possessed the strongest antimicrobial activity, with greatest effects against the Gram-positive bacteria tested, and less activity against the Gram-negative bacteria and fungi tested. Additionally, using the MTT colorimetric assay, the outer root methanol and seed hexane extracts displayed pronounced inhibitory effects against human colon cancer cells. Quantification of c-MYC (oncogene) and APC (tumor suppressor) mRNA levels help elucidate how the A. mexicana root methanol extract may be affecting colon cancer cells. After ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and subsequent nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the root and leaf methanol fractions, two main antibacterial compounds, chelerythrine and berberine, have been identified. The roots were found to possess both phytocompounds, while the leaf lacked chelerythrine. These data highlight the importance of plants as an invaluable pharmaceutical resource at a time when antimicrobial and anticancer drug discovery has plateaued.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the cytotoxic effects and several antimicrobial phytocompounds of Argemone mexicana

et al. 2021

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“…We have tested the antiviral properties of the extracts of P. hysterophorus , and it was observed that the extract of leaves of the plant prepared in aqueous medium at room temperature exhibited very strong anti-HIV potential with IC 50 value being 0.081 mg/mL followed by the ethyl acetate extract of flower at the high temperature (0.31 mg/mL) in comparison to other extracts of the plant [ 37 ]. In the present study, the order of antiviral activity of other extracts from leaves of plant was as follows: ethyl acetate extract prepared at room temperature (IC 50 -0.34 mg/mL)>extracts prepared at high temperature in aqueous (IC 50 -0.40 mg/mL)>and hexane (IC 50 -0.44 mg/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Characterization of Different Chemical Components of Parthenium hysterophorus and Their Therapeutic Potential against HIV‐1 RT and Microbial Growth

Jaiswal

Doharey

Singh

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Parthenium hysterophorus possesses certain allelochemicals responsible for their medicinal effects. The presence of oils, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, pseudoguaianolides, and histamines in P. hysterophorus has been shown to exhibit medicinal properties. However, the systematic biomedical properties of this plant are still unexplored. The extracts of leaves, stem, and flower of P. hysterophorus, both at low and high temperatures (equivalent to boiling points of different solvents) were prepared. The extracts prepared in hexane, ethylacetate, methanol, and water were analyzed spectrophotometrically and colorimetrically and resolved on TLC for the presence of phytochemicals. The analyses of the free radical quenching potential of plant extracts were done by DPPH assay. The total antioxidant capacity was determined by phosphomolybdate assay and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was used to determine the reduction potential of the extracts. The spectrophotometric and qualitative analysis of plant extracts demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and cardiac glycosides. The occurrence of more than one Rf values for extracts determined by TLC indicated the presence of more than one phytochemical compound. The P. hysterophorus extracts contained strong antioxidant activity. These extracts exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermis, Salmonela typhi, Neisseria gonococci or gonococci, Citrobacter, and Shigella flexineri. The evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of P. hysterophorus extracts was done by the disc diffusion method. These extracts also showed significant inhibition against HIV-1 RT activity. The anti-HIV-1 RT activity was done using Roche Kit. The P. hysterophorus extracts displayed the presence of many phytochemicals with strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-HIV-1 RT properties.

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“…A. mexicana belongs to the Papaveraceae family, which possesses antibacterial [18][19][20], antifungal [21,22], antiviral [23,24], antioxidant [25,26], and cytotoxic/anticancer [27] properties. The emergence of drug-resistant microbial strains [28] has necessitated the search for antimicrobial compounds from natural sources, such as plants and marine microorganisms.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activity Of Various a Mexicana Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV uses reverse transcriptase (RT) to convert its RNA to cDNA. Ishizuka et al, 2020 [23] have shown that RT exhibits RNA-and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities and RNase H activity. In the present study, the aqueous extract of leaves prepared at a high temperature indicated the maximum inhibitory activity against HIV-1 RT, much like any other nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), as demonstrated by Sanna et al, 2018 [33].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activity Of Various a Mexicana Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Biochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Bioactive Molecules of Argemone mexicana

et al. 2023

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This study identified phytochemicals in Argemone mexicana (A. mexicana) extracts that are responsible for its medicinal properties, and the best solvent for their extraction. The extracts of the stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits of A. mexicana were prepared at low (corresponding to room temperature) and high temperatures (corresponding to the boiling points) in various solvents, viz., hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and H2O. The UV-visible absorption spectra of various phytoconstituents in the isolated extracts were determined through spectrophotometry. Qualitative tests for the screening of phytoconstituents in the extracts were performed to identify various phytochemicals. We identified the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and carbohydrates in the plant extracts. The antioxidant and anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (anti-HIV-1RT) potential, as well as the antibacterial activity of various A. mexicana extracts were determined. These extracts showed strong antioxidant activities. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermis, Citrobacter, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Shigella flexineri. These extracts significantly inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. The aqueous leaf extract prepared at a temperature equivalent to the boiling point, i.e., 100 °C, was identified to be the most active against pathogenic bacteria and HIV-1 RT.

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Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activity by the Extracts of Indian Plants

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Characterizing the cytotoxic effects and several antimicrobial phytocompounds of Argemone mexicana

Characterizing the cytotoxic effects and several antimicrobial phytocompounds of Argemone mexicana

Biochemical Characterization of Different Chemical Components of Parthenium hysterophorus and Their Therapeutic Potential against HIV‐1 RT and Microbial Growth

Analysis of Biochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Bioactive Molecules of Argemone mexicana

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