Inhibition of Pepper mild mottle virus with Commercial Cellulases

Abstract

Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is one of the most important pathogens of pepper crops (Capsicum annuum L.) worldwide. We have found that commercial cellulases from Trichoderma reesei and Trichoderma viride strongly inhibit PMMoV infection of plants. When purified PMMoV was mixed with the cellulases, it greatly lost the capacity to induce local lesions on leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa. Pretreatment of sweet pepper leaves (C. annuum L.) with cellulase solutions before PMMoV inoculation greatly reduced the number of infected plants. These effects were superior to the effects of known viral inhibitors such as skim milk or Lentinula edodes culture filtrates. Although the mechanism of inhibition remains unknown, this is the first report of antiviral activity ascribed to commercially available cellulases.

Cellulase Applied to the Leaves of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuumL. var.grossum) Upregulates the Production of Salicylic and Azelaic Acids

“…Pretreatment with cellulase has been reported to inhibit the virus infection. 5) However, the mechanism by which this resistance is conferred has been unclear. We show here that cellulase induced the elevation of endogenous SA (1) together with phenylalanine (Phe, 2) and AzA (3), thus conferring resistance against infection by the pepper mild mottle virus.…”

Pepper mild mottle virus: a formidable foe of capsicum production—a review

“…Two antiviral compounds, viz., murrayafoline-A (1) and isomahanine isolated from leaves of Glycosmis stenocarpa, a shrub from Rutaceae family have inhibitory properties against PMMoV (177). Cellulose and commercial cellulases have PMMoV-inhibitory properties (178,179). When soil that has been contaminated with PMMoV-infected capsicum plant roots is supplemented with cellulose, PMMoV becomes inactivated due to an elevation in the activity of antiviral microorganisms present in the soil (178).…”

Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Coat Protein as a Novel Target to Screen Antiviral Drugs

“…18,19 With the constant change in PMMoV, existing measures are difficult to control quickly and effectively, and the use of antiviral drugs is an effective method to directly treat viral diseases. 20 However, there are few types of antiviral drugs for PMMoV, and the prevention and treatment effects are general. 21 Therefore, for the sake of human water and soil resources and the health of crops, it is particularly important to develop new and efficient drugs to control disease.…”

“…At present, the main prevention and control methods are to reduce the likelihood of PMMoV infection through disease-resistant breeding, conventional seed and soil disinfection, agricultural operations, and other measures. , With the constant change in PMMoV, existing measures are difficult to control quickly and effectively, and the use of antiviral drugs is an effective method to directly treat viral diseases . However, there are few types of antiviral drugs for PMMoV, and the prevention and treatment effects are general .…”