Inhibition of lipase activities by basic polysaccharide

Abstract

Basic polysaccharide strongly inhibited the hydrolysis of trioleoylglycerol (TO) emulsified with phosphatidylcholine and taurocholate by either pancreatic lipase or carboxylester lipase. DEAE-Sephadex dose-dependently inhibited the hydrolysis of TO by pancreatic lipase and carboxylester lipase; however, carboxymethyl-Sephadex and Sephadex G-50 did not inhibit the hydrolysis. Polydextrose (PD), a soluble polysaccharide, was a very weak inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. However, when a basic group, a DEAE group, was attached to PD, lipase inhibition by DEAE-PD was increased, and this was dependent on the substitution ratio of DEAE groups. The number of positive charges per PD molecule is important in lipase inhibition. Similar substitution effects were observed with other basic groups, such as piperidinoethyl and 3-triethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl. The natural basic polysaccharide, chitosan, also inhibited pancreatic lipase activity. Gel-filtration experiments suggested that DEAE-PD did not bind strongly to pancreatic lipase. The effect of DEAE-PD on TO hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase was studied using various emulsifiers: DEAE-PD (50 mg/ml) did not inhibit the hydrolysis of TO emulsified with arabic gum, phosphatidylserine, or phosphatidic acid. In vivo, oral administration of DEAE-PD to rats reduced the peak plasma triacylglycerol concentration and increased fecal lipid excretion. These results suggest that basic polysaccharide is able to suppress dietary fat absorption from the small intestine by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity.-Tsujita, T., H. Takaichi, T. Takaku, T. Sawai, N. Yoshida, and J. Hiraki. Inhibition of lipase activities by basic polysaccharide. J. Lipid Res. 2007. 48: 358-365.

Effects of Chitosan Intake on Fecal Excretion of Bisphenol A and Di(2-ethyl)phthalate in Rats

“…Therefore, poorly fermented fiber sources that reduce resident time, such as chitosan, should lower the in vivo absorption of environmental contaminants. In contrast, it has been reported that chitosan can inhibit pancreatic lipase activity, 25) and there was a significant negative correlation between rates of fecal EDCs and apparent fat digestibility in our study. Based on these factors, the mechanism of chitosan's effect in promoting fecal EDC excretion might include inhibition of fat absorption and of the EDCs dissolved in fat.…”

“…Furthermore, it has been reported that chitosan can inhibit pancreatic lipase activity. 25) In this study, therefore, the effect of chitosan intake in promoting fecal fat and fecal lipophilic EDC excretion is thought to have been due to the inhibition of absorption of them by chitosan, inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity and fat absorption.…”

Impact of a food-grade cationic biopolymer (ε-polylysine) on the digestion of emulsified lipids: In vitro study

“…Previous studies have shown that highly flocculated lipid droplets are digested more slowly than non-flocculated ones because of a reduction in the surface area of lipid phase directly exposed to the lipase molecules (Day et al, 2014). The adsorption of bile salts to oil droplet surfaces (and displacement of the original surfactants) is often critical to lipid digestion, as the formation of a bile-salt coated interface promotes lipase adsorption and activation (Aloulou et al, 2006;Borgström & Brockman, 1984;Tsujita et al, 2007). Moreover, the activity of lipase is determined by the amount that adsorbs to the lipid droplet surfaces, rather than the total amount present in the system (Moreau, Moulin, Gargouri, Noel, & Verger, 1991;Ransac et al, 1997;Tsujita et al, 2007).…”

“…The adsorption of bile salts to oil droplet surfaces (and displacement of the original surfactants) is often critical to lipid digestion, as the formation of a bile-salt coated interface promotes lipase adsorption and activation (Aloulou et al, 2006;Borgström & Brockman, 1984;Tsujita et al, 2007). Moreover, the activity of lipase is determined by the amount that adsorbs to the lipid droplet surfaces, rather than the total amount present in the system (Moreau, Moulin, Gargouri, Noel, & Verger, 1991;Ransac et al, 1997;Tsujita et al, 2007). When no ε-PL is present, bile salts are free to interact with the oil droplets, establishing suitable conditions on the droplet surfaces for the subsequent adsorption and activation of lipase.…”

Hypolipidemic and Bifidogenic Potentials in the Dietary Fiber Prepared from Mikan (Japanese Mandarin Orange: Citrus unshiu) Albedo

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that administration of a lipase inhibitor (17,18) significantly increases total lipid excretion in feces in a dose-dependent manner. It is assumed that the lipid that is not absorbed from the small intestine is excreted in the feces.…”