Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Sargassum hemiphyllum Sulfated Polysaccharide Extract in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

Abstract

Sargassum hemiphyllum , a kind of brown seaweed generally found along coastlines in East Asia, has long served as a traditional Chinese medicine. S. hemiphyllum has shown an anti-inflammatory effect; however, its mechanism has not been elucidated clearly. This study explored S. hemiphyllum for its biomedical effects. S. hemiphyllum sulfated polysaccharide extract (SHSP) was first prepared; the mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a model system. The secretion profiles of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NO, were found significantly to be reduced in 1-5 mg/mL dose ranges of SHSP treatments. RT-PCR analysis suggested SHSP inhibits the LPS-induced mRNA expressions of IL-β, iNOS, and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. At protein levels, Western blot analysis demonstrated a similar result for NF-κB (p65) in cytosol/nuclear. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory properties of SHSP may be attributed to the down-regulation of NF-κB in nucleus.

The in vitro and in vivo effects of the low molecular weight fucoidan on the bone osteogenic differentiation properties

“…The hot water extract was centrifuged and the supernatant was lyophilized under the reduced pressure. One part of the lyophilized hot water extract was added to four parts in volume of 95 % ethanol and then allowed to precipitate overnight at 4°C (Hwang et al 2011). The precipitated polysaccharides were collected by centrifugation and lyophilized, resulting in the fucoidan sample.…”

“…The intensity of biological activities of fucoidan varies with species, molecular weight, composition, structure and the route of extraction (Fitton 2011), and its non-animal origin brings particular pharmacological activities (Senni et al 2006). Fucoidan has been well studied for its antitumor (Hsu et al 2013), antiviral (Tengdelius et al 2014), anti-inflammatory (Hwang et al 2011), and anticoagulant (Irhimeh et al 2009) activities. These biological activities are closely related to fucoidan's molecular weight (Yang et al 2008) and sulfate content (Soeda et al 1992).…”

Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Nitric Oxide in Lipopolysaccharide Induced Mammalian Cell Lines by Aqueous Extracts of Brown Seaweed

“…The inhibition of NO synthesis in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines by all extracts obtained from brown seaweed is in agreement with our results. Water-soluble extracts of Sargassum hemiphyllum also inhibited NO production in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line as well as iNOS 28 . Moreover, water-soluble extracts of Ecklonia cava inhibited more than 75 NO synthesis in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line 23 .…”

Inhibitory Effect of the Culture Broth Extract of Aspergillus tamarii on Nitric Oxide Production and Its Antioxidative Activity

“…Cytotoxicity Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay (Hwang et al, 2011). This method is relatively easy for measuring cell viability.…”