Inhibition of Maximal Voluntary Isokinetic Torque Production Following Stretching Is Velocity-Specific

Nelson, Arnold G.; Guillory, Ivan K.; Cornwell, Andrew; Kokkonen, Joke

doi:10.1519/1533-4287(2001)015<0241:iomvit>2.0.co;2

Cited by 77 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…Immediately following the pre-stretching isokinetic tests, each subject underwent four static stretching exercises designed to stretch the leg extensor muscles of the dominant limb only, according to the procedures of Nelson et al (2001b). Four repetitions of each stretching exercise were held for 30 s at a point of mild discomfort, but not pain, as acknowledged by the subject.…”

Section: Static Stretching Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based upon previous studies (Avela et al 1999;Behm et al 2001;Cramer et al 2004;Evetovich et al 2003;Fowles et al 2000;Nelson et al 2001b), we hypothesized that PT, MP, and EMG amplitude will decrease, while the joint angle at PT and MMG amplitude will increase in response to the static stretching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recent evidence has suggested that pre-exercise stretching may compromise a muscle's ability to produce maximal force (Avela et al 1999;Behm et al 2001;Cramer et al 2004;Evetovich et al 2003;Fowles et al 2000;Kokkonen et al 1998;McNeal and Sands 2003;Nelson et al 2001b;Young and Elliott 2001). Two primary hypotheses have been developed to explain the stretch-induced strength deficit (Avela et al 1999;Behm et al 2001;Cramer et al 2004;Evetovich et al 2003;Fowles et al 2000;Knudson et al 2001;Kokkonen et al 1998;McNeal and Sands 2003;Nelson et al 2001b;Young and Elliott 2001): (1) mechanical factors such as changes in muscle stiffness and (2) neuromuscular factors such as altered motor control strategies and/or reflex sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have examined the effects of stretching on maximal strength (Behm et al 2001;Fowles et al 2000;Kokkonen et al 1998;Nelson et al 2001a, b;Nelson and Kokkonen 2001), explosive force production (Young and Elliott 2001), vertical jump performance (Knudson et al 2001;McNeal and Sands 2003;Young and Elliott 2001), concentric isokinetic peak torque (Cramer et al 2004;Evetovich et al 2003;Nelson et al 2001b), and isometric force production at different joint angles (Behm et al 2001;Fowles et al 2000;Nelson et al 2001a). Only one previous study has estimated the relative contributions of the mechanical and electrical mechanisms underlying the strength deficit after stretching (Fowles et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was designed to: (1) test the hypothesis of Nelson et al (2001b) that the acute effects of static stretching on PT are velocity-specific during maximal, voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extensions, (2) extend the findings of Avela et al (1999) by examining the responses of the stretched and unstretched limbs, and (3) incorporate surface EMG and MMG signals to examine the neural (Avela et al 1999;Behm et al 2001;Fowles et al 2000) and mechanical (Fowles et al 2000;Kokkonen et al 1998;Nelson et al 2001a, b) factors underlying the stretching-induced decreases in force production. Based upon previous studies (Avela et al 1999;Behm et al 2001;Cramer et al 2004;Evetovich et al 2003;Fowles et al 2000;Nelson et al 2001b), we hypothesized that PT, MP, and EMG amplitude will decrease, while the joint angle at PT and MMG amplitude will increase in response to the static stretching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, mean power output, electromyography, and mechanomyography

et al. 2004

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The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of static stretching on peak torque (PT), the joint angle at PT, mean power output (MP), electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, and mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles during maximal, voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 60 and 240 degrees x s(-1) of the stretched and unstretched limbs. Twenty-one volunteers [mean age (SD) 21.5 (1.3) years] performed maximal, voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extensions for the dominant and non-dominant limbs at 60 and 240 degrees x s(-1). Surface EMG (muVrms) and MMG (mVrms) signals were recorded from the VL and RF muscles during the isokinetic tests. PT (Nm), the joint angle at PT, and MP (W) were calculated by a dynamometer. Following the initial isokinetic tests, the dominant leg extensors were stretched using four static stretching exercises. After the stretching, the isokinetic tests were repeated. PT decreased (P< or =0.05) from pre- to post-stretching for the stretched limb at 60 and 240 degrees x s(-1) and for the unstretched limb at 60 degrees x s(-1). EMG amplitude of the VL and RF also decreased (P< or =0.05) from pre- to post-stretching for the stretched and unstretched limbs. There were no stretching-induced changes (P>0.05) for the joint angle at PT, MP, or MMG amplitude. These findings indicated stretching-induced decreases in force production and muscle activation. The decreases in PT and EMG amplitude for the unstretched limb suggested that the stretching-induced decreases may be due to a central nervous system inhibitory mechanism.

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Section: Static Stretching Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, mean power output, electromyography, and mechanomyography

et al. 2004

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Influence of prolonged static stretching on motor unit firing properties

Beck

Wages

2016

Muscle and Nerve

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Acute effects of stretching on the neuromechanical properties of the triceps surae muscle complex

Cornwell

Nelson

Sidaway

2002

European Journal of Applied Physiology

Self Cite

161

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Previous research has shown that an acute bout of passive muscle stretching can diminish performance in certain movements where success is a function of maximal force and/or power output. Two possible mechanisms that might account for such findings are a change in active musculotendinous stiffness and a depression of muscle activation. To investigate the likelihood of these two mechanisms contributing to a post-stretch reduction in performance, we examined the acute effects of stretching on the active stiffness and muscle activation of the triceps surae muscle group during maximal single-joint jumps with movement restricted to the ankle joint. Ten males performed both static (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) jumps before and after passively stretching the triceps surae. Electrical activity of the triceps surae during each jump was determined by integrating electromyographic recordings (IEMG) over the course of the movement. Triceps surae musculotendinous stiffness was calculated before and after stretching using a technique developed by Cavagna (1970). Following stretching, a significant decrease [mean (SD) 7.4 (1.9)%; P<0.05] in jump height for the CMJ occurred, but for the SJ, no significant ( P>0.05) change in jump height was found. A small but significant decrease [2.8 (1.24)%; P<0.05] in stiffness was noted, but the magnitude of this change was probably not sufficient for it to have been a major factor underlying the decline in CMJ performance. Paradoxically, after stretching, the SJ exhibited a significant ( P<0.05) decrease in IEMG, but the IEMG for the CMJ remained unchanged ( P>0.05). It appears that an acute bout of stretching can impact negatively upon the performance of a single-joint CMJ, but it is unlikely that the mechanism responsible is a depression of muscle activation or a change in musculotendinous stiffness.

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Inhibition of Maximal Voluntary Isokinetic Torque Production Following Stretching Is Velocity-Specific

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

The acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, mean power output, electromyography, and mechanomyography

The acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, mean power output, electromyography, and mechanomyography

Influence of prolonged static stretching on motor unit firing properties

Acute effects of stretching on the neuromechanical properties of the triceps surae muscle complex

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