Inhibition of Memory Consolidation After Active Avoidance Conditioning by Antisense Intervention with Ependymin Gene Expression

Schmidt, Rupert; Brysch, Wolfgang; Rother, Stefan; Schlingensiepen, Karl Hermann

doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65041465.x

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This gene encodes a specific CNS glycoprotein, an adhesion molecule involved in memory consolidation (Schmidt, 1995; Schmidt et al, 1995; Shashoua, 1991). We found only one gene that has been reported to regulate pituitary hormone production and/or secretion: adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1b ( adcyap1b , 1.4%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the zebrafish hypothalamic–pituitary axis

Toro

Wegner

Müller

et al. 2009

Gene Expression Patterns

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The vertebrate hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HP) is the main link between the central nervous system and endocrine system. Although several signal pathways and regulatory genes have been implicated in adenohypophysis ontogenesis, little is known about hypothalamic and neurohypophysial development or when the HP matures and becomes functional. To identify markers of the HP, we constructed subtractive cDNA libraries between adult zebrafish hypothalamus and pituitary. We identified previously published genes and ESTs and novel zebrafish genes, some of which were predicted by genomic database analysis. We also analyzed expression patterns of these genes and found that several are expressed in the embryonic and larval hypothalamus, neurohypophysis, and/ or adenohypophysis. Expression at these stages makes these genes useful markers to study HP maturation and function. KeywordsAdenohypophysis; cell differentiation; hormone; hypothalamic-pituitary axis; hypothalamus; neurohypophysis; organ maturation; pituitary; subtractive cDNA library Results and DiscussionThe hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HP) is the main link between the central nervous system and endocrine system. The HP regulates hormone secretion during homeostasis, growth, reproduction, and several other physiological functions. Under control of the hypothalamus, the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary lobe) produces and secretes hormones involved in these functions. This control occurs through the production of hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones that stimulate or inhibit synthesis and release of adenohypophysial hormones. The hypothalamus also secretes hormones such as vasotocin and oxytocin (in mammals), and Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptGene Expr Patterns. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 April 1. isotocin and vasopressin (in fish) through its neuronal projections into the neurohypophysis (Bentley, 1998;Unger and Glasgow, 2003).Several genes regulate induction, specification, survival, patterning, and cell differentiation in the adenohypophysis (reviewed in (Dasen and Rosenfeld, 2001;Pogoda and Hammerschmidt, 2007;Zhu et al., 2005). However, little is known about the genetic regulation of later hypothalamic and neurohypophysial development or even when the HP matures and becomes physiologically functional.To identify developmental markers of the HP, we constructed subtractive cDNA libraries between adult hypothalamus and pituitary and examined expression of these genes in embryos and larvae. We report the construction of these subtractive libraries ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the zebrafish hypothalamic–pituitary axis

Toro

Wegner

Müller

et al. 2009

Gene Expression Patterns

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“…Evidence suggests that they play a role in learning, memory consolidation (Shashoua, 1988;Schmidt et al, 1995;Pradel et al, 1999), and neural regeneration (Schmidt et al, 1991;Ganss and Hoffmann, 1993;Schmidt, 1995). Little is known about the regulation of the ependymin genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Family of Mammalian Ependymin-Related Proteins (MERPs) in Hematopoietic, Nonhematopoietic, and Malignant Tissues

Apostolopoulos

McLeod

Collier

et al. 2001

DNA and Cell Biology

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Evidence is presented for a family of mammalian homologs of ependymin, which we have termed the mammalian ependymin-related proteins (MERPs). Ependymins are secreted glycoproteins that form the major component of the cerebrospinal fluid in many teleost fish. We have cloned the entire coding region of human MERP-1 and mapped the gene to chromosome 7p14.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In addition, three human MERP pseudogenes were identified on chromosomes 8, 16, and X. We have also cloned the mouse MERP-1 homolog and an additional family member, mouse MERP-2. Then, using bioinformatics, the mouse MERP-2 gene was localized to chromosome 13, and we identified the monkey MERP-1 homolog and frog ependymin-related protein (ERP). Despite relatively low amino acid sequence conservation between piscine ependymins, toad ERP, and MERPs, several amino acids (including four key cysteine residues) are strictly conserved, and the hydropathy profiles are remarkably alike, suggesting the possibilities of similar protein conformation and function. As with fish ependymins, frog ERP and MERPs contain a signal peptide typical of secreted proteins. The MERPs were found to be expressed at high levels in several hematopoietic cell lines and in nonhematopoietic tissues such as brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, as well as several malignant tissues and malignant cell lines. These findings suggest that MERPs have several potential roles in a range of cells and tissues.

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“…Implicit in this notion is that alterations in the intrasynaptic extracellular matrix (ECM), the components of which regulate the activity of multiple cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), could transform synaptic architecture and physiology in ways that change the efficiency of synaptic transmission (Letourneau et al . 1994; Schmidt et al . 1995; Agius et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of extracellular matrix‐degrading proteases matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 on spatial learning and synaptic plasticity

Meighan¹,

Meighan²,

Choudhury³

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurochemistry

255

237

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Rats learning the Morris water maze exhibit hippocampal changes in synaptic morphology and physiology that manifest as altered synaptic efficacy. Learning requires structural changes in the synapse, and multiple cell adhesion molecules appear to participate. The activity of these cell adhesion molecules is, in large part, dependent on their interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Given that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for transient alterations in the ECM, we predicted that MMP function is critical for hippocampal-dependent learning. In support of this, it was observed that hippocampal MMP-3 and -9 increased transiently during water maze acquisition as assessed by western blotting and mRNA analysis. The ability of the NMDA receptor channel blocker MK801 to attenuate these changes indicated that the transient MMP changes were in large part dependent upon NMDA receptor activation. Furthermore, inhibition of MMP activity with MMP-3 and -9 antisense oligonucleotides and/or MMP inhibitor FN-439 altered long-term potentiation and prevented acquisition in the Morris water maze. The learningdependent MMP alterations were shown to modify the stability of the actin-binding protein cortactin, which plays an essential role in regulating the dendritic cytoskeleton and synaptic efficiency. Together these results indicate that changes in MMP function are critical to synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent learning.

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Inhibition of Memory Consolidation After Active Avoidance Conditioning by Antisense Intervention with Ependymin Gene Expression

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the zebrafish hypothalamic–pituitary axis

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the zebrafish hypothalamic–pituitary axis

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Family of Mammalian Ependymin-Related Proteins (MERPs) in Hematopoietic, Nonhematopoietic, and Malignant Tissues

Effects of extracellular matrix‐degrading proteases matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 on spatial learning and synaptic plasticity

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