Inhibition of Nasopharyngeal Colonization of Hemophilus Influenzae by Oral Immunization

Abstract

Nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae organisms were inoculated into the nasopharynx of BALB/c mice immunized by oral administration of formalin-killed bacteria. Salivary antibodies and the colonization of H influenzae in the nasopharynx were investigated in order to clarify the effect of oral immunization. Salivary immunoglobulin A antibody titers against H influenzae were significantly increased by oral immunization, but salivary immunoglobulin G antibody titers were not. The bacteria inoculated into the nasopharynx were more rapidly eliminated in immunized mice than in control mice. The results suggest that oral immunization might be useful in preventing otitis media with effusion by inhibiting the colonization of the nasopharynx by pathogenic bacteria.

Effect of 23 Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide and Haemophilus influenza Conjugated Vaccines on the Clinical Course of Otitis Media With Effusion

“…Kurono et al showed that oral vaccination of mice caused rapid elimination of nontypeable H. influenza organisms inoculated into the nasopharynx. 23 Adegbola et al showed that vaccination with a H. influenza type b conjugate vaccine reduces oropharyngeal carriage of H. influenza type b among Gambian children. 24 Barbour et al, on the other hand, found that giving conjugate vaccine to children carrying Hib does not rapidly terminate carriage.…”

Mouse models for human otitis media

“…Increasingly, mice have been used to study OM because of the commercial availability of immunologic probes (Gu et al, 1998; Gu et al, 1996; Johnson et al, 1997; Klingman and Murphy, 1994; Krekorian et al, 1990; Kyd et al, 1999; Murphy et al, 1999). Non-genetic mouse models of OM have been generated in approximately 100 studies, of which over 30% used the BALB/c inbred strain (Chen et al, 1996; Gu et al, 1995; Hotomi et al, 2002; Ichimiya et al, 1999; Kataoka et al, 1991; Klingman and Murphy, 1994; Krekorian et al, 1991; Krekorian et al, 1990; Kurono et al, 1992; Kyd et al, 1999; Murphy et al, 1999; Ryan et al, 2006; Sarwar et al, 1992; Ward et al, 1976; Watanabe et al, 2001; MacArthur et al, 2006a). Mice have also been inoculated with bacteria or bacterial cell-wall antigens to induce immunity for studies of pathogen–host interactions (Gu et al, 1998; Gu et al, 1996; Holmes et al, 2001; Hotomi et al, 1998; Klingman and Murphy, 1994; Kodama et al, 2000; Krekorian et al, 1991; Krekorian et al, 1990; Murphy et al, 1999; Ryan et al, 2006; Sarwar et al, 1992), or with attenuated bacterial strains to seek broad (mucosal and systemic) immune protection (Roche et al, 2007).…”

Local and systemic antibody levels against protein D of Haemophilus influenzae following immunization and infection in rats

“…Furthermore, mice immunized p.0. with liposomes containing inactivated NTHi not only develop high concentrations of salivary anti-NTHi IgA antibodies but also have decreased NTHi colonization in the nasopharynx (24). Our study revealed increased salivary IgA antibodies to protein D after p.0.…”

“…Per oral (p.0.) immunization with antigen elicits S-IgA antibodies in the gut and in the respiratory mucosa (lungs and saliva) of mice and humans (3,6,10,15,24), but it is not yet clear whether immunization via these routes induces antibodies in the middle ear.…”