Inhibition of negative contentâ€”a shared process in rumination and reappraisal

Cohen, Noga; Daches, Shimrit; Mor, Nilly; Henik, Avishai

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00622

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…In this sense, it should be stressed that in the present study, unlike in previous studies that have used emotional stimuli (Putman, 2011;Putman et al, 2012;Putman et al, 2010), the functioning of the attentional executive control network was assessed by means of an attentional task that included only neutral (i.e., non-emotionally-laden) stimuli, without any kind of emotional induction. As we commented, there has been considerable controversy regarding whether the executive control deficits associated with trait anxiety might emerge regardless of the emotional value of the stimuli or, conversely, whether they exclusively arise when facing emotional stimuli (e.g., Bishop, 2009;Cohen et al, 2014;De Lissnyder et al, 2010). From the present results, it could be argued, therefore, that such state AC difficulties are specific only to emotionally relevant stimuli, instead of reflecting a broader dysregulation of AC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Some theoretical accounts with considerable empirical support, such as the attentional control theory (Eysenck & Derakshan, 2011;Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, 2007), have posited that high trait anxiety impairs the efficiency of two executive functions that involve attentional control (attentional inhibition and attentional shifting). However, there is still controversy as to whether the executive control deficits associated with trait anxiety or negative affect are global, regardless of the emotional value of the stimuli, or whether they concern specific deficits in employing inhibitory processes only when facing emotional stimuli (e.g., Bishop, 2009;Cohen, Daches, Mor, & Henik, 2014;De Lissnyder, Koster, Derakshan, & De Raedt, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous EEG theta/beta ratio and delta–beta coupling in relation to attentional network functioning and self-reported attentional control

Morillas-Romero

Tortella-Feliu

Bornas

et al. 2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Relationships between electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-and fast-wave frequency bands are considered to be of interest in the study of dispositional affective traits, emotion regulation, and attentional phenomena. However, to date, no previous studies had explored whether both state performance-based and self-reported attentional control (AC) measures potentially relate to different patterns of spontaneous EEG measures, in the absence of emotional stimuli. In the present study, individual differences in spontaneous EEG theta/beta ratio and delta-beta coupling at frontal and parietal sites were explored in a sample of 110 healthy volunteers as potential correlates of individual differences in performancebased attentional network functioning, as measured through the Attentional Network Test for Interactions (ANT-I) and self-reported AC. We found that stronger delta-beta coupling at parietal sites was associated with higher self-reported AC. However, no significant associations were found between executive control network functioning and the EEG ratio or coupling measures. Furthermore, a lower spontaneous frontoparietal theta/beta ratio was found to be associated with better orienting network functioning. These results are discussed with a focus on the potential utility of spontaneous EEG measures in several cortical regions for capturing trait-like individual differences in temperament-related factors.Keywords Spontaneous EEG . Theta/beta ratio . Delta-beta coupling . Attentional network functioning . Attentional control Relationships between spontaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave (SW; i.e., the theta 4-7 Hz, delta 1-3 Hz bands) and fast-wave (FW; i.e., the beta 13-30 Hz band) frequency band activity may reflect the cortical-subcortical interactions involved in affective processes (Knyazev, 2007) and are considered to be of interest in the study of emotional states, dispositional affective traits, emotion regulation, and related processes and capabilities (e.g., Arns, Conners, & Kraemer, 2013;Massar, Kenemans, & Schutter, 2014;Putman, Arias-Garcia, Pantazi, & van Schie, 2012;Schutter & Knyazev, 2012;Schutter & Van Honk, 2005a;van Peer, Roelofs, & Spinhoven, 2008;Velikova et al., 2010).Two often-used EEG indices are the SW/FW ratio and SW-FW coupling. The SW/FW ratio results from dividing the SW power density (i.e., theta) by the FW power density (i.e., beta) for each individual participant's EEG recording at a selected brain site or selected sites, with higher ratio scores reflecting relatively more SW than FW power. It has been postulated that a relative predominance of SW over FW power may reflect reduced cortical control function over subcortical drives related to motivational imbalances (Schutter & Van Honk, 2005a). On the other hand, SW-FW coupling (usually delta-beta coupling) is operationalized as the positive correlation between SW and FW in a selected sample, which usually compares samples that have scored high or low on a criterion variable (e.g., trait anxiety; see Putman et al., ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous EEG theta/beta ratio and delta–beta coupling in relation to attentional network functioning and self-reported attentional control

Morillas-Romero

Tortella-Feliu

Bornas

et al. 2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…Wells & Beevers, 2010) also help to improve the other factor. Importantly, there is initial evidence that modification of attentional biases may reduce state rumination (Cohen, Daches, Mor & Henik, 2014). Second, the majority of participants in this study were women, which precluded any examination of potential gender moderation of our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brooding rumination and attentional biases in currently non-depressed individuals: an eye-tracking study

Owens

Gibb

2016

Cognition and Emotion

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Both rumination and attentional biases have been proposed as key components of the RDoC Negative Valence Systems construct of Loss. Although theorists have proposed that rumination, particularly brooding rumination, should be associated with increased sustained attention to depression-relevant information, it is not clear whether this link would be observed in a non-depressed sample or whether it is specific to brooding versus reflective rumination. To address these questions, the current study examined the link between brooding rumination and attentional biases in a sample of non-depressed individuals (n = 105). Attentional biases were assessed using eye tracking during a passive viewing task in which participants were presented with 2 × 2 arrays of angry, happy, sad, and neutral faces. In line with predictions, higher levels of brooding rumination were associated with greater sustained attention to sad faces and less sustained attention to happy faces. These results remained significant after controlling for participants’ prior history of major depression and current nonclinical level of depressive symptoms, suggesting that the link between brooding rumination and attentional biases is at least partially independent of current or past depression.

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“…Other studies suggest that the same regulatory areas are recruited in depression, without, however, leading to the desired beneficial effect (Johnstone, van Reekum, Urry, Kalin, & Davidson, 2007). Similarly, it has been suggested that inhibition of negative content may be viewed as a shared process in both reappraisal and rumination (Cohen, Daches, Mor, & Henik, 2014). Furthermore, teaching more adaptive attention-focusing strategies as a therapeutic intervention does not seem to affect recruitment of prefrontal areas (Goldin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Maladaptive Consequences Of Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing views of emotion regulation and neurobiological models of the mechanism of action of psychotherapy

Messina

Sambin

Beschoner

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Influential neurobiological models of the mechanism of action of psychotherapy attribute its success to increases of activity in prefrontal areas and decreases in limbic areas, interpreted as the successful and adaptive recruitment of controlled processes to achieve emotion regulation. In this article, we review the behavioral and neuroscientific evidence in support of this model and its applicability to explain the mechanism of action of psychotherapy. Neuroimaging studies of explicit emotion regulation, evidence on the neurobiological substrates of implicit emotion regulation, and metaanalyses of neuroimaging studies of the effect of psychotherapy consistently suggest that areas implicated in coding semantic representations play an important role in emotion regulation not covered by existing models based on controlled processes. We discuss the findings that implicate these same areas in supporting working memory, in encoding preferences and the prospective outcome of actions taken in rewarding or aversive contingencies, and show how these functions may be integrated into process models of emotion regulation that depend on elaborate semantic representations for their effectiveness. These alternative models also appear to be more consistent with internal accounts in the psychotherapeutic literature of how psychotherapy works.

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Inhibition of negative contentâ€”a shared process in rumination and reappraisal

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

Spontaneous EEG theta/beta ratio and delta–beta coupling in relation to attentional network functioning and self-reported attentional control

Spontaneous EEG theta/beta ratio and delta–beta coupling in relation to attentional network functioning and self-reported attentional control

Brooding rumination and attentional biases in currently non-depressed individuals: an eye-tracking study

Changing views of emotion regulation and neurobiological models of the mechanism of action of psychotherapy

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