“…There is an increasing number of studies providing evidence that p38 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a growing number of chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory skin diseases, and consequently that p38, as key signaling molecule, may be a promising therapeutic target in such diseases (Cuenda andRousseau, 2007, Kumar et al, 2003). For instance, while p38g is poorly expressed in epidermal keratinocytes (Dashti et al, 2001) and likely has marginal roles in these cells, the kinase activity of p38a, b, and d has been reported to be increased in the lesional epidermis of patients suffering from psoriasis (Johansen et al, 2005;Yu et al, 2007), and that inhibition of p38 suppresses the development of psoriasis-like lesions in a human skin transplant model of psoriasis (Mihara et al, 2012). p38 MAPKs also play an important role in inflammation induced by UVB, where they have been shown to exhibit increased activity in human and mouse keratinocytes , and where UVB has been shown to induce IL-6 and IL-8 expression in keratinocytes in a cyclooxygenase-2-and p38-dependent manner (Chen et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2005).…”