Inhibition of retrogressive reactions in coal/petroleum co-processing

Abstract

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Inhibition of retrogressive reactions in coal/petroleum co-processing

“…The weight percent saturates is the highest in Hondo resid and the GC of the saturates and Ali the spectra have a strong aromatic peak, while the aliphatic peaks seem to vary slightly with respect to the resid used in the experiment. The shape of the aromatic peak is different from that in the spectrum of the original unreacted coal, which was acquired and reported earlier [3]. The original coal contained two 'shoulders' on the aromatic peak; one at 142 ppm assigned to bridgehead carbons or catechol-like structures and one at 155 ppm most likely due to phenolic carbons [4].…”

“…The petroleum resid samples were fractionated previously into pentane-solubles (maltenes) and pentane-insolubles (asphaltenes).This separation was repeated several times to verify the results. The method of separation was described previously [1,2]. As noted earlier, the asphaltene content of the petroleum resids increases in the order :…”

“…The maltenes were separated into three fractions using open column liquid chromatography. The method is described in the previous report [2]. Approximately 300 mg of sample was loaded onto the column and eluted with 100 ml of pentane, benzene, and tetrahydrofuran to obtain the saturate, aromatic and polar fractions.…”

“…Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on the maltene and asphaltene fractions. The proton spectra were recorded on a Bruker WM-360 Pulse FT NMR spectrometer operating at a frequency of 360 Mttz and were reported in the previous quarterly report [2]. 13CNMR spectra were recorded on the same instrument at an operating frequency of 90.5 MHz with inverse gate proton decoupling on during acquisition time.…”

Effects of low-temperature catalytic pretreatments on coal structure and reactivity in liquefaction. Technical progress report, October 1991--December 1991

“…Recently, pretreatment of coal using an O-alkylation method, which was first developed by Liotta et al (1981) and later modified by Ettinger et al (1986), has been found to be beneficial to coal liquefaction (Miller et al, 1989;Baldwin et al, 1990;Serio et al, 1990). Schlosberg et al (1980) first reported that Friedel-Crafts alkylation was a beneficial pretreatment step for liquefaction under high-severity conditions. Baldwin et al (1990Baldwin et al ( , 1991 alkylated a subbituminouscoal and observed a remarkable increase in THF-solubles with increasing O-methylation degree of the coal in its liquefaction and co-process_ag.…”