Inhibition of ribonuclease and protease activities in germinating rice seeds exposed to nickel

Maheshwari, Ruchi; Dubey, R. S.

doi:10.1007/s11738-008-0192-0

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, high levels of Ni in the growth medium has led to a marked inhibition of germination and has delayed the time necessary to achieve 50% germination (Espen et al 1997;Leon et al 2005). Maheshwari and Dubey (2008) reported a significant reduction in the germination of rice seeds, when high concentrations of Ni were present. These authors showed that exposure of seedlings to Ni for 120 h reduced germination by 12-20%, reduced plumule and radicle lengths by 20-53%, and reduced fresh weight by 8-34%.…”

Section: Germination Percentage and Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Roles and Hazardous Effects of Nickel in Plants

Ahmad

Ashraf²

2011

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

141

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With the world's ever increasing human population, the issues related to environmental degradation of toxicant chemicals are becoming more serious. Humans have accelerated the emission to the environment of many organic and inorganic pollutants such as pesticides, salts, petroleum products, acids, heavy metals, etc. Among different environmental heavy-metal pollutants, Ni has gained considerable attention in recent years, because of its rapidly increasing concentrations in soil, air, and water in different parts of the world. The main mechanisms by which Ni is taken up by plants are passive diffusion and active transport. Soluble Ni compounds are preferably absorbed by plants passively, through a cation transport system; chelated Ni compounds are taken up through secondary, active-transport-mediated means, using transport proteins such as permeases. Insoluble Ni compounds primarily enter plant root cells through endocytosis. Once absorbed by roots, Ni is easily transported to shoots via the xylem through the transpiration stream and can accumulate in neonatal parts such as buds, fruits, and seeds. The Ni transport and retranslocation processes are strongly regulated by metal-ligand complexes (such as nicotianamine, histidine, and organic acids) and by some proteins that specifically bind and transport Ni. Nickel, in low concentrations, fulfills a variety of essential roles in plants, bacteria, and fungi. Therefore, Ni deficiency produces an array of effects on growth and metabolism of plants, including reduced growth, and induction of senescence, leaf and meristem chlorosis, alterations in N metabolism, and reduced Fe uptake. In addition, Ni is a constituent of several metallo-enzymes such as urease, superoxide dismutase, NiFe hydrogenases, methyl coenzyme M reductase, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, acetyl coenzyme-A synthase, hydrogenases, and RNase-A. Therefore, Ni deficiencies in plants reduce urease activity, disturb N assimilation, and reduce scavenging of superoxide free radical. In bacteria, Ni participates in several important metabolic reactions such as hydrogen metabolism, methane biogenesis, and acetogenesis. Although Ni is metabolically important in plants, it is toxic to most plant species when present at excessive amounts in soil and in nutrient solution. High Ni concentrations in growth media severely retards seed germinability of many crops. This effect of Ni is a direct one on the activities of amylases, proteases, and ribonucleases, thereby affecting the digestion and mobilization of food reserves in germinating seeds. At vegetative stages, high Ni concentrations retard shoot and root growth, affect branching development, deform various plant parts, produce abnormal flower shape, decrease biomass production, induce leaf spotting, disturb mitotic root tips, and produce Fe deficiency that leads to chlorosis and foliar necrosis. Additionally, excess Ni also affects nutrient absorption by roots, impairs plant metabolism, inhibits photosynthesis and transpiration, and causes ultrastructural modificat...

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Section: Germination Percentage and Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Roles and Hazardous Effects of Nickel in Plants

Ahmad

Ashraf²

2011

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

141

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“…These proteins were involved as oxidative scavengers of the reactive oxygen species, and interacted with the aldehyde products that usually release from lipid peroxidation (Sandalio et al, 2001). The role of newly expressed proteins in binding Cd ion forming polychelatins and metallothioneins, then placed them in the vacuole was also suggested (Maheshwari and Dubey, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defatted coagulant seeds of Moringa oleifera and Moringa peregrena mediate alleviation of cadmium toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant

Hassanein¹,

Abdelkader²,

Faramawy³

2017

Plant Omics

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Contaminated soil with toxic heavy metals, particularly cadmium, is an environmental originated challenge from various industrial activities such as effluents and mining and affecting crop growth. Cadmium removal from the soil is a problem, therefore we introduced our approach for reinforcing cadmium tolerance in wheat plant by applying powder (1g/kg soil) of fat-free seeds 'defatted seed or seed-cake' from Moringa oleifera and Moringa peregrena trees before wheat exposure to three levels of soil contamination with cadmium in soil solution (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM) for 35 days. Our data showed that accumulation of Cd in wheat was concentration-dependent and was 4-folds higher in roots than in the shoots. In shoots and roots, cadmium accumulation was 3-and 2-folds higher at 1.5 mM Cd, respectively. Shoot length and dry mass have reduced by 30 and 58%, respectively. In addition, the photosynthetic pigments have decreased by 50% and the protein profile was altered in leaf. Moringa defatted seeds powder had conferred protection against cadmium toxicity in wheat. Upon defatted seeds pre-treatments, Cd accumulation has diminished by 3 and 2-folds in shoots and roots, respectively and wheat growth and physiological parameters have improved spectacularly. Protein polymorphism and SDS-gel electrophoresis confirmed the appearance of eight newly expressed protein bands in response to Moringa pre-treatments in absence of Cd. Eleven new bands were also expressed under the combined effect of cadmium and Moringa together in wheat leaf and weighed: 261.38, 217.77, 177.38, 135.4, 114.0, 97.0, 74.14, 51.6, 38.2, 24.0 and 13.5 KDa. We believed that the new bands have participated with wheat tolerance. In conclusion, we suggested two strategies: first, Moringa seeds have coagulated cadmium in the soil preventing its absorption and accumulation in wheat plants. Second, wheat newly expressed protein has assisted cadmium detoxification via binding to some peptides, and/or through sequestrating cadmium in the vacuole as metallothioneins and/or polychelatins.

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“…RNases and proteases activity is essential for breakdown of protein, their recycling and amino acids mobilization towards the growing embryo in seeds (Palma et al, 2002;Yamauchi, 2003). Disturbed activity of both these enzymes under metal stress resulted in altered protein and amino acids levels in germinating seeds (Maheshwari and Dubey, 2008). The two chelators-natural (Oxalic acid) and synthetic (EDTA) relieve the stress on α-amylase and protease activity by subdue the availability of Cd ions in growth medium, consequently the activity of both the enzymes was not severely affected (Zeid, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Application of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Oxalic Acid Improve the Seed Germination and Enzymes Activities of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Under Cadmium Stress

Sadiq¹,

Hussain²,

Ashraf³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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To cite this paper: Sadiq, R., M. Hussain, M. Ashraf and K.U. Rehman, 2015. Exogenous application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and oxalic acid improve the seed germination and enzymes activities of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) under cadmium stress. AbstractThe study was conducted to examine the deleterious effects of cadmium (Cd) on metabolic enzymes and their end products during seed germination and the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and oxalic acid (OA) in easing the Cd toxicity in two sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33 and FH-533). To accomplish this, a pot experiment was carried out in small sandfilled plastic pots under normal environment temperature (28±2ºC). Seeds of both sunflower hybrids were exposed to Cd levels (250 and 450 mg/kg) alone and in combination of optimized level of chelating agents EDTA and OA (each at the rate of 1g/kg) at the time of sowing. The enzymes activities of two germinating hybrids were recorded over time from 24 to 120 h after sowing. When Cd was applied alone it reduced the germination rate, enzymes activities and total soluble sugars contents. Mobilization of stored proteins and amino acids were also suppressed in germinating seeds of both hybrids. However, application of EDTA and OA in combination with Cd improved the germination rate of seeds by surpassing the biochemical metabolism and enhanced the activities of α-amylase and protease revealing the ameliorating effect to Cd toxicity. Results revealed that minimum values of all the attributes are obtained at 450 mg/kg of Cd level, while chelators treatments proved effective in relieving Cd stress of which OA had 10% more pronounced germination percentage than EDTA and 30% more as compared to control. Interactive studies showed that both the chelators detoxify the 250 mg/kg of Cd more as compared to 450 mg/kg of Cd. Results clearly indicated that sunflower hybrid Hysun-33 showed greater activities of two hydrolyzing enzymes and efficient mobilization of reserved sugars and proteins than hybrid FH-533 under Cd stress, so it can be grown on Cd contaminated soils for higher plant productivity. Thereafter EDTA and OA could be supportive to improve the seed germination security in Cd polluted soil.

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Inhibition of ribonuclease and protease activities in germinating rice seeds exposed to nickel

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

Essential Roles and Hazardous Effects of Nickel in Plants

Essential Roles and Hazardous Effects of Nickel in Plants

Defatted coagulant seeds of Moringa oleifera and Moringa peregrena mediate alleviation of cadmium toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant

Exogenous Application of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Oxalic Acid Improve the Seed Germination and Enzymes Activities of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Under Cadmium Stress

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