Inhibition of the Pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea by Bromophenols, Isocitrate Lyase Inhibitors, from the Red Alga Odonthalia corymbifera

Abstract

Magnaporthe grisea is a fungal pathogen of rice that forms appressoria that penetrate the outer cuticle of the rice plant. Data from recent studies indicate that M. grisea isocitrate lyase (ICL), a key enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle, is highly expressed during appressorium-mediated plant infection. Bromophenols isolated from the red alga Odonthalia corymbifera exhibited potent ICL inhibitory activity and blocked appressoria formation by M. grisea in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, these compounds protected the rice plants from infection by M. grisea. Rice plants infected with wild-type M. grisea Guy 11 exhibited significantly lower disease severity with bromophenol treatment than without, and the treatment effect was comparable to the behavior of the Deltaicl knockout mutant I-10. The protective effect of bromophenols and their strong inhibition of appressorium formation on rice plants suggest that ICL inhibitors may be promising candidates for crop protection, particularly to protect rice plants against M. grisea.

Bromophenols in Marine Algae and Their Bioactivities

“…These BPs could reduce the appressorium formation by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea on rice plants, due to inhibition of the isocitrate lyase (ICL). ICL plays an important role in the glyoxylate cycle and is highly expressed during appressorium-mediated plant infection [68]. The preliminary SAR reveals that the diphenylmethane skeleton and bromine moiety of BPs are essential for the ICL inhibition [68].…”

Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of novel bromophenols including natural products

“…Halis Türker Balaydın 1,2 , Hakan Soyut 1,3 , Deniz Ekinci 4 , Süleyman Göksu 1 , Şükrü Beydemir localization, catalytic activity and susceptibility to different classes of inhibitors. Some of these isozymes are cytosolic (CA I, CA II, CA III, CA VII and CA XIII), others are membrane-bound (CA IV, CA IX, CA XII and CA XIV), two are mitochondrial (CA VA and CA VB), and one is secreted in saliva (CA VI).…”

Bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) Ether, a Marine Algae Derived Bromophenol, Inhibits the Growth of Botrytis cinerea and Interacts with DNA Molecules

“…Several bromophenols isolated from red alga Odonthalia corymbifera have been reported to be promising candidates for antifungal agents in crop protection. These bromophenols could inhibit the pathogenicity of fungus Magnaporthe grisea and reduce the appressorium formation on rice plants [11]. …”