Inhibition of tongue reflex in rats by tooth pulp stimulation during cerebral ventricle perfusion with (6–11) substance P analogs

Zubrzycka, Maria; Janecka, Anna; Koziołkiewicz, Wiktor; Traczyk, W

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00004-8

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The rat's head was immobilized by introduction of ear bars into the external auditory meati and fixing the maxilla with jaw clamps in a stereotaxic instrument specially adapted for perfusion of the cerebral ventricles (Zubrzycka et al, 1997). The skin of the animal's head, anaesthetized with 2% polocaine solution, was incised at the midline and the skull bones were exposed.…”

Section: Perfusion Of Cerebral Ventricles In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this pain model, the amplitude of the evoked tongue jerks (ETJ) induced by tooth pulp stimulation is recorded. The magnitude of ETJ during perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with the neurotransmitters under investigation can be a measure of the effect of these compounds on the neural structures (Zubrzycka et al, 1997;Zubrzycki et al, 2015).Here, the trigemino-hypoglosal reflex model was used to study the efficacy of ECs, inhibitors of their degrading enzymes and opioids, applied separately or in combination, as a treatment of orofacial pain. …”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of centrally administered endocannabinoids and opioids on orofacial pain perception in rats

Zubrzycki

Janecka

Liebold

et al. 2017

British J Pharmacology

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEEndocannabinoids and opioids play a vital role in mediating pain-induced analgesia. The specific effects of these compounds within the orofacial region are largely unknown. In this study, we tried to determine whether an increase in cannabinoid and opioid concentration in the CSF affects impulse transmission between the motor centres localized in the vicinity of the third and fourth cerebral ventricles. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHThe study objectives were realized on rats using a method that allows the recording of the amplitude of evoked tongue jerks (ETJ) in response to noxious tooth pulp stimulation. The amplitude of ETJ was a measure of the effect of neurotransmitters on neural structures. KEY RESULTSPerfusion of cerebral ventricles with anandamide (AEA), endomorphin-2 (EM-2), URB597, an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and JZL195, a dual inhibitor of FAAH and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) reduced the ETJ amplitude. The antinociceptive effect of AEA, EM-2, URB597 and JZL195 was blocked by CB 1 receptor antagonist, AM251 and by μ receptorantagonist, β-funaltrexamine. In contrast to AEA, 2-arachidonoylglycerol alone did not decrease ETJ amplitude. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSWe demonstrated that in the orofacial area, analgesic activity is modulated by AEA and that EM-2-induced antinociception was mediated by μ and CB 1 receptors. The action of AEA and EM-2 is tightly regulated by FAAH and FAAH/MAGL, by preventing the breakdown of endogenous cannabinoids in regions where they are produced on demand. Therefore, the current findings support the therapeutic potential of FAAH and FAAH/MAGL inhibitors as novel pharmacotherapeutic agents for orofacial pain. IntroductionOrofacial pain disorders are frequent in the general population; up to 26% adults suffer from such problems at some point of their life. Pharmacological treatment of orofacial pain is difficult and controversial (Tzabazis et al., 2014;Weiss et al., 2017). It has been demonstrated that the endogenous opioid system could be involved in cannabinoid antinociception, and recent data have also provided evidence for a role of the endogenous cannabinoid system in opioid antinociception (Cichewicz, 2004;Bushlin et al., 2010;Wilson-Poe et al., 2013).The opioid receptor system includes three subtypes of receptors, μ, δ and κ, and the endogenous opioid peptides, β-endorphin, enkephalins, dynorphins and endomorphins, that can activate these receptors (Kieffer, 1995). The cannabinoid system comprises the two major cannabinoid receptors, CB 1 and CB 2 receptors, their endogenous ligands, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and enzymes, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), which regulate their biosynthesis and degradation (Di Marzo et al., 2004). Simultaneous activation of opioid and cannabinoid receptors can produce synergistic analgesic effects (Smith et al., 1998;Seely et al., 2012). Opioids and cannabinoids produce antinociception through separate (although possibly interrelated) mech...

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Section: Perfusion Of Cerebral Ventricles In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of centrally administered endocannabinoids and opioids on orofacial pain perception in rats

Zubrzycki

Janecka

Liebold

et al. 2017

British J Pharmacology

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“…The reflex that has been used for over a decade in research of the properties of neuropeptides perfused through the cerebral ventricles in rats is the evoked tongue jerk (ETJ) due to trigemino-hypoglossal reflex (Zubrzycka et al 1997, Zubrzycki et al 2017.…”

Section: Neuronal Organization Of Trigemino-hypoglossal Reflexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of the trigemino-hypoglossal reflex and the factor modulating the reflex depend on the branch of the trigeminal nerve, whose stimulation with electric impulses evokes contractions of the tongue muscles. The recorded amplitude of ETJ induced by tooth pulp stimulation is the measure of the effect of neuropeptides on the neural structures (Zubrzycka et al 1997). The variability of effects of neuropeptides perfused through the cerebral ventricles of the trigeminohypoglossal reflex can be explained by their different impact on the sensory neurons of n.V nuclei, interneurons and n.XII motoneurons.…”

Section: Neuronal Organization Of Trigemino-hypoglossal Reflexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid and Endocannabinoid System in Orofacial Pain

2019

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Orofacial pain disorders are frequent in the general population and their pharmacological treatment is difficult and controversial. Therefore, the search for novel, safe and efficient analgesics is an important but still elusive goal for contemporary medicine. In the recent years, the antinociceptive potential of endocannabinoids and opioids has been emphasized. However, concerns for the safety of their use limit their clinical applications. the possibility of modulating the activity of endocannabinoids by regulation of their synthesis and/or degradation offers an innovative approach to the treatment of pain. A rat model of trigeminal pain, utilizing tongue jerks evoked by electrical tooth pulp stimulation during perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with various neurotransmitter solutions can be used in the pharmacological studies of nociception in the orofacial area. The aim of this review is to present the effects of pharmacological activity of opioids and endocannabinoids affecting the transmission of the sensory information from the orofacial area on the example of trigemino-hypoglossal reflex in rats.

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Inhibition of trigemino-hypoglossal reflex in rats by oxytocin is mediated by μ and κ opioid receptors

Zubrzycka

Fichna²,

Janecka³

2005

Brain Research

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Inhibition of tongue reflex in rats by tooth pulp stimulation during cerebral ventricle perfusion with (6–11) substance P analogs

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of centrally administered endocannabinoids and opioids on orofacial pain perception in rats

Effects of centrally administered endocannabinoids and opioids on orofacial pain perception in rats

Opioid and Endocannabinoid System in Orofacial Pain

Inhibition of trigemino-hypoglossal reflex in rats by oxytocin is mediated by μ and κ opioid receptors

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