Inhibitions Due to Growth Hormones in Fern Prothallia and Sporophytes

Albaum, Harry G.

doi:10.2307/2436859

Cited by 51 publications

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“…Suspicion that the gemmae were inhibited by substances originating in the thallus tips and moving towards the base arose easily from common knowledge of similar inhibition of lateral by apical buds. Audus (1953) suggested, without any supporting data, that substances formed by thallus tips were instrumental in the inhibition of gemmae in the cups of Marchantia, and Albaum (1938) showed that auxins formed in the apical notches of prothallia of Pteris longifolia effectively prevented the formation of adventitious outgrowths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Audus (1953) suggests that this is due to the controlling action of specific inhibitors produced by the parent tissue, but no data are available. Inhibitions due to growth hormones have, however, been demonstrated in fern prothallia (Albaum, 1938). The following experiments were, therefore, undertaken with the view to throwing some light on the phenomena aflFecting: (i) germination of gemmae within the gemma cup, and (2) regeneration of adventitious thalli.…”

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confidence: 99%

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AUXIN INHIBITION IN THE LIVERWORT LUNULARIA

LaRue

Narayanaswami

1957

New Phytologist

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such topics as dorsiventrality, regeneration, polarity, nutrition, growth, etc. In the course of our investigations on the developmental morphology of the gemmae of Marchantia and Lunularia (LaRue and Narayanaswami, 1955; Narayanaswami and LaRue, 1955), subjected to various physical and chemical factors, a possible existence of the curious phenomenon of apical dominance, so well exemplified by the higher plants, was indicated. As is widely known, the gemmae of liverworts do not germinate within the gemma cup unless they have been detached from the parent body, nor are adventitious buds formed on normal healthy thalli. Audus (1953) suggests that this is due to the controlling action of specific inhibitors produced by the parent tissue, but no data are available. Inhibitions due to growth hormones have, however, been demonstrated in fern prothallia (Albaum, 1938). The following experiments were, therefore, undertaken with the view to throwing some light on the phenomena aflFecting: (i) germination of gemmae within the gemma cup, and (2) regeneration of adventitious thalli. If by some means the inhibitory factors from the apex were removed, gemmae still maintaining organic connection with the parent body within the gemma cup should undergo normal germination in situ. Secondly, this operation should not hamper the production of supernumerary growing points from the surface of the gemmae. Experimental evidences for the occurrence of such inhibitory factors and their strongly polar movement are presented in the following pages. MATERIALS AND METHODSThalli of Lunularia, bearing gemma cups, growing abundantly in the greenhouse, were brought into the laboratory and kept in damp chambers. Clumps of thalli for experimental work were taken out on soil and put in petri dishes, or thalli were isolated and grown on filter paper spread on quartz sand irrigated with White's solution (White, 1943). Both these methods were used in each experiment. The petri dishes were kept in the greenhouse after the various treatments. Excisions were made with fine surgical scissors. Germination of gemmae at definite intervals of time was indicated by growth of thalli from the growing points and increase in their surface areas. Pastes of growth hormone in lanolin were made with IAA, IBA and NAA and the pastes applied with a narrow scalpel. Observations were made a week or ten days after treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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AUXIN INHIBITION IN THE LIVERWORT LUNULARIA

LaRue

Narayanaswami

1957

New Phytologist

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“…The conversion of male to hermaphrodite (Plate 2) corresponds to an increasing growth rate, and it appears the notch or organized meristem influences that growth rate. This is perhaps related to its activity as an auxin source (Albaum, 1938).…”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antheridogen activity in the fern Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.

Schedlbauer¹,

Klekowski²

1972

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Spores of the homosporous fern Ceratopteris thalictroides, in multispore culture, initially produce spatulate gametophytes bearing only antheridia (males) and cordate gametophytes bearing both antheridia and archegonia (hermaphrodites). When multispore cultures are sampled, the ratio of male to hermaphroditic gametophytes is a constant for each population examined. Four possible causes of such a sex ratio (cytoplasmic inheritance, nuclear inheritance, incipient heterospory and an antheridogen) are investigated. Evidence presented indicates that an antheridogen causes the existence of two gametophyte types, while one or more cytoplasmic units are the probable cause of the sex ratio. The activity of the antheridogen is to cause potentially hermaphroditic plants to become male. This activity was elucidated in monospore culture. Populational differences in antheridogen activity are also demonstrated. The significance of antheridogens is discussed in relation to the mating system of these plants.

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“…Moreover, outgrowths of this form frequently occur spontaneously from normal gametophytes or from gametophytes injected with water alone. Albaum (1938) has provided good evidence for the existence in normal cordate gameto-phytes of gradients of growth-regulating substances. A strong gradient runs posteriorly from the base of the apical notch, and most of the archegonia arise directly in the path of this gradient.…”

Section: Experiments Upon Qerminatinq Spores and Zyqotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, it is known that a concentration gradient of indole-3-acetic acid reproduces some of the effects of those occurring naturally within the gametophyte (Albaum, 1938;Jayasekera & Bell, in preparation). Experiments were therefore set up in which spores of Pteridium were' sown in a gradient of indole-3-acetic acid diffusing from a central source on an agar plate (Text- fig.…”

Section: Experiments Upon Qerminatinq Spores and Zyqotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The experimental investigation of the Pteridophyte life cycle.

Bell

1959

Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany

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Inhibitions Due to Growth Hormones in Fern Prothallia and Sporophytes

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

AUXIN INHIBITION IN THE LIVERWORT LUNULARIA

AUXIN INHIBITION IN THE LIVERWORT LUNULARIA

Antheridogen activity in the fern Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.

The experimental investigation of the Pteridophyte life cycle.

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