Inhibitor of DNA Binding 4 (ID4) Regulation of Adipocyte Differentiation and Adipose Tissue Formation in Mice

Id4 suppresses MMP2-mediated invasion of glioblastoma-derived cells by direct inactivation of Twist1 function

“…They were then treated as previously described 54 with the exception of treatment with 10 mg/ml polybrene (hexadimethrine bromide, Sigma, Seelze, Germany) instead of 8 mg/ml. For Figure 5b, the cells were infected twice with ShScrambled-expressing retroviruses, or infected either once or twice with retroviruses expressing ShId4, as indicated (small hairpin RNA sequences are available in Supplementary Table 4).…”

Up-regulation of the Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) Genes in White Adipose Tissue of Id1 Protein-deficient Mice

“…For example, the four Id proteins, which contain the helix-loop-helix motif and inhibit the function of E protein transcription factors (20,21), have been shown to be expressed in adipocytes and involved in diverse aspects of adipose development and function (22)(23)(24)(25). Although Id proteins are typically thought to play an inhibitory role in differentiation, studies have interestingly suggested that Id2 and Id4 have a role in promoting adipogenesis.…”

“…Although Id proteins are typically thought to play an inhibitory role in differentiation, studies have interestingly suggested that Id2 and Id4 have a role in promoting adipogenesis. In vitro induction of adipogenesis in preadipocytes with the standard adipogenic mixture of dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and insulin rapidly but transiently induces the expression of Id2 and Id4 (23,25), and knocking down Id2 or Id4 leads to a decrease in triglyceride accumulation as measured by Oil Red O staining. This is accompanied by a reduction in PPAR␥ and adipocyte protein 2 expression and, in Id4 Ϫ/Ϫ mice, a significant reduction in fat mass compared with littermate controls (23,25).…”

“…In vitro induction of adipogenesis in preadipocytes with the standard adipogenic mixture of dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and insulin rapidly but transiently induces the expression of Id2 and Id4 (23,25), and knocking down Id2 or Id4 leads to a decrease in triglyceride accumulation as measured by Oil Red O staining. This is accompanied by a reduction in PPAR␥ and adipocyte protein 2 expression and, in Id4 Ϫ/Ϫ mice, a significant reduction in fat mass compared with littermate controls (23,25). Id3, on the other hand, has been shown to inhibit the transcription of the adiponectin gene, which encodes an adipocyte specific hormone whose levels are inversely correlated with obesity and insulin resistance and has protective effects against metabolic disorders (26).…”

Novel Targets in Myelogenous Leukemia: The Id Family of Proteins

“…In addition, Id proteins have been shown to regulate osteogenic transcription factor activity (Ogata and Noda, 1991;Tamura and Noda, 1994;Zhang et al, 2008). Id2, and Id4 genes also regulate adipogenesis by regulating the proliferation pre-adipoctye progenitors and their ability to undergo differentiation (Murad et al, 2010;Park et al, 2008). Altogether, these results suggest that the Id family members not only regulate hematopoietic growth factor expression, but the fundamental structure of the niche itself.…”