Inhibitors of purine and pyrimidine synthesis: mycophenolate, azathioprine, and leflunomide

Mimouni, Daniel; Nousari, Hossein C.

doi:10.1046/j.1529-8019.2002.01539.x

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…En sık kullanılan immünsüpresif ajanlar T ve B lenfositlerin proliferasyonunu inhibe ederek etki ederler. Bunlardan metotreksat dihidrofolat redüktaz enzimine etki ederken azatiyoprin ve mikofenolat mofetil pürin sentezini inhibe eder, siklofosfamid ise alkilleyici bir immünsupresiftir [26][27][28][29] . Pemfigusun tedavisinde kullanılan IVIG, serum IL-1 düzeylerini azaltarak etki gösterir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Analysis of serum cytokine levels in patients with pemphigus vulgaris

Uçmak¹,

Akkurt²,

Yüksel³

et al. 2015

TURKDERM

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Background and Design: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2) and T helper 17 (Th17) type cytokines in PV patients and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The study population included 37 patients with PV and 35 healthy individuals. The patients were grouped into mild, moderate and severe disease groups according to the severity of skin and mucosal involvement. Serum interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A and interferon (IFN)-γ levels were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Serum cytokine levels were compared between patients and controls and between patient subgroups. Analysis of data was done using SPSS 15.0. Results: Serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). IL-6 levels were found to be correlated with the severity of disease (r=0.490, p=0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in serum cytokine levels between the patient subgroups. Conclusion: Th2 type cytokines were found to be increased in serum of patients with pemphigus vulgaris. These results support that the Th2 cytokine response plays a major role in the etiopathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris. (Turkderm 2015; 49: 25-30)

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Analysis of serum cytokine levels in patients with pemphigus vulgaris

Uçmak¹,

Akkurt²,

Yüksel³

et al. 2015

TURKDERM

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“…Common side‐effects of leflunomide include elevation of liver enzymes and anemia 8,9 . Exfoliative dermatitis has also been described 11 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The novel anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent leflunomide has no structural or functional relation to any other known immunomodulatory drug. 8 The inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis mainly affects the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. 9 Additional anti-inflammatory effects of leflunomide have been described, and include blocking of CD43-mediated T-lymphocyte aggregation in vitro .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leflunomide in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus – two sides of a coin

Suess¹,

Sticherling²

2007

Int J Dermatology

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“…[12] Dosage ranges from 1 to 4 mg/kg/day, whereas it is recommended to be used at the dose of 1–2 mg/kg/day that could be increased to 5 mg/kg/day. [13] Furthermore, different studies introduced MMF as an effective treatment in patients with MMP. [1415] MTX is another used therapy for patients with MMP, which was reported in few studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of mucous membrane pemphigoid: A review of literature

Tavakolpour

2016

J Res Med Sci

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Background:Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is considered an autoimmune blistering disease that predominantly affects mucous membranes. Various treatments are available for controlling the diseases, but not all of them may respond.Materials and Methods:PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for all the associated studies until 2015, using the keywords such as “cicatricial pemphigoid” or “ocular pemphigoid” or “mucous membrane pemphigoid” or “MMP” and “intravenous immunoglobulin” or “IVIg” to find all the relevant studies. The last search update was for September 2, 2015. Among the searched items, only English studies were included in the review.Results:After excluding nonrelevant studies, 13 studies with a total number of seventy patients with MMP who were under treatment with IVIg were analyzed. The 65 patients responded completely, one did not respond, two had partially responded, and the remaining two patients stopped IVIg therapy, which resulted in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid progression. Majority of the studies reported mild adverse effects while two of them did not report any unwanted side effect. The most common side effect was headache, followed by nausea. Most of the patients who had a cessation of IVIg therapy before achieving clinical remission experienced the disease progression.Conclusion:Overall, it can be concluded that IVIg therapy was very helpful in treatment of MMP patients who did not respond to conventional therapy or stopped using them for various side effects. Adverse effects associated with IVIg therapy were considerably lower than conventional therapy that can lead toward treatment with this agent in patients who suffer from severe side effects.

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Inhibitors of purine and pyrimidine synthesis: mycophenolate, azathioprine, and leflunomide

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Analysis of serum cytokine levels in patients with pemphigus vulgaris

Analysis of serum cytokine levels in patients with pemphigus vulgaris

Leflunomide in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus – two sides of a coin

The role of intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of mucous membrane pemphigoid: A review of literature

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