Inhibitors of the Arachidonic Acid Cascade: Interfering with Multiple Pathways

Meirer, Karin; Steinhilber, Dieter; Proschak, Ewgenij

doi:10.1111/bcpt.12134

Cited by 111 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The first of these therapies arose from plant extract enriched in salicylic acid and later with synthetic salicylates (e.g., aspirin) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; e.g., ibuprofen), all of which inhibit cyclooxygenase activity [22]. Selective inhibitors of oxylipin biosynthetic enzymes [23] or substrate availability (e.g., glucocorticoids) [24] have been developed and are routinely prescribed or used over-the-counter. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors make up one third of the prescriptions and 60% of drug costs [25].…”

Section: Jasmonates Belong To Oxylipins a Group Of Signals Bettermentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Functions of Jasmonates in Maize

Borrego

Kolomiets

2016

Plants

109

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Of the over 600 oxylipins present in all plants, the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) remains the best understood in terms of its biosynthesis, function and signaling. Much like their eicosanoid analogues in mammalian system, evidence is growing for the role of the other oxylipins in diverse physiological processes. JA serves as the model plant oxylipin species and regulates defense and development. For several decades, the biology of JA has been characterized in a few dicot species, yet the function of JA in monocots has only recently begun to be elucidated. In this work, the synthesis and function of JA in maize is presented from the perspective of oxylipin biology. The maize genes responsible for catalyzing the reactions in the JA biosynthesis are clarified and described. Recent studies into the function of JA in maize defense against insect herbivory, pathogens and its role in growth and development are highlighted. Additionally, a list of JA-responsive genes is presented for use as biological markers for improving future investigations into JA signaling in maize.

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Section: Jasmonates Belong To Oxylipins a Group Of Signals Bettermentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Functions of Jasmonates in Maize

Borrego

Kolomiets

2016

Plants

109

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“…Linoleic acid is abundant in vegetable oils and its intake is fairly high in many populations (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2008). Arachidonic acid is a product of linoleic acid metabolism (desaturation and elongation) and is the precursor for the generation of eicosanoids from classes 2 and 4 (Meirer et al, 2014).…”

Section: Omega 6 (N-6) Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acids as modulators of neutrophil recruitment, function and survival

Rodrigues

Sato

Curi

et al. 2016

European Journal of Pharmacology

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“…The arachidonic acid (AA) cascade is essential for mediating human biological activity and plays an important role in fungal morphogenesis and growth. Almost every key enzyme of the AA cascade has been the subject of pharmaceutical research (Meirer et al, 2014). AA is the main precursor of eicosanoids, and AA can be released from membrane phospholipids after catalysis by phospholipases (Dennis et al, 2011) and can be metabolized into many types of biologically active eicosanoids via the action of three separate groups of enzymes: cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Antifungal Targets against a Candida Biofilm Based on an Enzyme in the Arachidonic Acid Cascade—A Review

Liu

Wang

et al. 2016

Front. Microbiol.

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Candida is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen, especially in biofilm associated infections. The formation of a Candida biofilm can decrease Candida sensitivity to antifungal drugs and cause drug resistance. Although many effective antifungal drugs are available, their applications are limited due to their high toxicity and cost. Seeking new antifungal agents that are effective against biofilm-associated infection is an urgent need. Many research efforts are underway, and some progress has been made in this field. It has been shown that the arachidonic acid cascade plays an important role in fungal morphogenesis and pathogenicity. Notably, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can promote the formation of a Candida biofilm. Recently, the inhibition of PGE2 has received much attention. Studies have shown that cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin, combined with fluconazole can significantly reduce Candida adhesion and biofilm development and increase fluconazole susceptibility; the MIC of fluconazole can be decrease from 64 to 2 μg/ml when used in combination with ibuprofen. In addition, in vivo studies have also confirmed the antifungal activities of these inhibitors. In this article, we mainly review the relationship between PGE2 and Candida biofilm, summarize the antifungal activities of COX inhibitors and analyze the possible antifungal activity of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (MPGES-1) inhibitors; additionally, other factors that influence PGE2 production are also discussed. Hopefully this review can disclose potential antifungal targets based on the arachidonic acid cascade and provide a prevailing strategy to alleviate Candida albicans biofilm formation.

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Inhibitors of the Arachidonic Acid Cascade: Interfering with Multiple Pathways

Cited by 111 publications

References 86 publications

Synthesis and Functions of Jasmonates in Maize

Synthesis and Functions of Jasmonates in Maize

Fatty acids as modulators of neutrophil recruitment, function and survival

Potential Antifungal Targets against a Candida Biofilm Based on an Enzyme in the Arachidonic Acid Cascade—A Review

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