Inhibitory effect of Jeju endemic seaweeds on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7

Abstract

Seaweed has been used in traditional cosmetics and as a herbal medicine in treatments for cough, boils, goiters, stomach ailments, and urinary diseases, and for reducing the incidence of tumors, ulcers, and headaches. Despite the fact that seaweeds are frequently used in the practice of human health, little is known about the role of seaweed in the context of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Jeju endemic seaweed on a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from 14 different kinds of Jeju seaweeds were screened for inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators. Our results revealed that extracts from five seaweeds, Laurencia okamurae, Grateloupia elliptica, Sargassum thunbergii, Gloiopeltis furcata, and Hizikia fusiformis, were potent inhibitors of the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Based on these results, the anti-inflammatory effects and low cell toxicity of these seaweed extracts suggest potential therapeutic applications in the regulation of the inflammatory response.

Anti-inflammatory effects of apo-9′-fucoxanthinone from the brown alga, Sargassum muticum

“…In particular, the sea levels around this island are known to fluctuate rapidly as a result of global warming. Therefore, in response to this unusual environment, the brown algae that are present on Jeju Island may possess substantial endogenous protective mechanisms [12]. Some studies on brown algae-derived anti-inflammatory compounds have investigated potential inhibitory effects by using the LPS-stimulated murine macrophages [16-18].…”

“…For this reason, NO production induced by LPS through iNOS can reflect the degree of inflammation, and a change in NO level through inhibition of iNOS enzyme activity or iNOS induction provides a means of assessing the effect of agents on the inflammatory process. Therefore, the modulation of macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses is emerging as a promising new therapeutic approach against inflammatory diseases [12-14,20,21]. In an effort to characterize the anti-inflammatory activities of apo-9′fucoxanthinone, we firstly assessed the effects of apo-9′fucoxanthinone on LPS induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells.…”

Sargachromenol from Sargassum micracanthum Inhibits the Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Production of Inflammatory Mediators in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

“…Pharmacological manipulation of NO production has therefore been speculated to be useful in the alleviation of numerous disease states mediated by increased and/or protracted activation of macrophages [12, 19–21]. PGE 2 , which is produced at inflammatory sites by COX-2, has also been implicated as an important inflammatory mediator.…”

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant/Antimicrobial Activities in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extract of Gloiopeltis tenax

“…Bae et al [13] found that methanol extracts of G. furcata markedly induced G2/M arrest and reduced the viability of HepG2 Cells in a concentration-dependent manner (0–100 μg/mL). Ethyl acetate extracts of G. furcata inhibit production of pro-inflammatory mediators with 100 μg/mL [14], and funoran at 0.1% concentration from G. furcata strongly inhibited both bacteria causing dental caries and Streptococcus sobrinus adsorption to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite more than 50% [15,16]. Polysaccharides from G. tenax have been shown to have anti-tumor effects through augmentation of T-helper, T-cytotoxic and NK cells, inhibited the growth of tumors by 36.4%–65.6% at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg, and prolonged the survival time by 33.3%–79.2% [17].…”