Inhibitory effect of Salvia plebeia leaf extract on ultraviolet-induced photoaging-associated ion channels and enzymes

Abstract

Abstract. In traditional Korean/Asian medicine, Salvia plebeia R.Br. (S. plebeia) leaves are used to treat inflammatory diseases, including dermatitis, cough, asthma and toothache. Recently, S. plebeia leaves have been applied in skin care, as they promote skin lightening and elasticity. Therefore, the present study investigated the anti-aging effects of S. plebeia leaf methanolic extract and its fractions (dichloromethane, ethylacetate and n-butanol). The results of a whole-cell patch clamp analysis indicated that the methanolic extract mediated ultraviolet (UV)-induced photoaging-associated ion channels, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (ORAI1) channel activity in HEK293T cells overexpressing TRPV1 or ORAI1 and STIM1. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that the butanol fraction inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 (84±8% at -60 mV/86±1% at 100 mV at 100 µg/ml) and ORAI1 (87±2% at -120 mV at 100 µg/ml) currents. Furthermore, the dichloromethane and hexane fractions inhibited tyrosinase activity by 32.4±0.69 and 22.6±0.96% at 330 µg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the ethylacetate and butanol fractions inhibited elastase activity by 65.2±1.30 and 31.7±1.23% at 330 µg/ml, respectively. Tyrosinase and elastase, which are UV-induced photoaging-associated enzymes, regulate skin pigmentation and wrinkle formation, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that S. plebeia leaves may be a novel treatment for UV-induced photoaging. IntroductionThe elderly population is rapidly growing, which has led to an increase in dermatological problems, including eczema, wrinkling and pigmentation. Skin aging is associated with several factors, including genetics, environment, hormonal changes and metabolic processes. Although all of these factors can contribute to skin aging, the environment, particularly solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a prominent mediator of skin aging (1-3). UV radiation exposure activates fibroblast and keratinocyte growth factor receptors, which activate the nuclear activator protein (AP)-1. This produces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including collagenase (MMP-1), gelatinase B (MMP-9) and stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), which degrade collagen and elastic fibers, thereby inducing skin wrinkling and laxity (4,5). Neutrophils also mediate sun-induced skin aging. Following UV radiation, neutrophils infiltrate the skin and release dermal elastase, a key elastolytic enzyme (6-8). Following skin exposure to UV radiation, the keratinocytes produce endothelins (ETs), which induce melanocyte proliferation and tyrosinase production. ORAI1, calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1; AP-1, activate the nuclear activator protein; MMPs, metalloproteinases; MMP-1, collagenase; MMP-9, gelatinase B; ET, endothelin; STIM, stromal interaction molecule; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; PKC, calcium-dependent protein kinase C Inhibitory effect of Salvia plebeia leaf extract on ultraviolet-induced photoaging-associated ion channels and enzymes

Protective effect of Salvia plebeia R. Br ethanol extract on UVB‐induced skin photoaging in vitro and in vivo

“…33,34 SP was recently suggested for skin care as lightening and elasticity-maintaining agent. Chang et al 28 investigated the photoprotective effect of SP and found that SP could inhibit tyrosinase and elastase expression via regulation of photoagingassociated ion channels in HEK293T cells. However, the photoprotective components and underlying mechanism are still unknown.…”

“…20,22 Moreover, researches also suggested that SP had antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticonvulsive effects. [23][24][25][26] Recent studies had shown that SP played a protective role in skin, which showed potential therapeutical effect in treating atopic dermatitis and photodamage, 27,28 but the specific mechanism and active ingredient were not clear yet.…”

The efficacy and safety of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined Mifepristone in the treatment of Uterine leiomyoma

“…The formula has the therapeutic properties of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and alleviating pain; these functions have been widely recognized in China. [ 21 ] Modern studies have confirmed that salvia miltiorrhiza, the main ingredient in Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, has obvious inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of uterine fibroids; [ 22 ] The total saponins of Panax notoginseng can improve platelet aggregation and adhesion, reduce blood viscosity, and have antitumor effect. [ 23 ] The active components of safflower can inhibit tumor growth by inhibiting cell growth factor and blocking cell transfer pathway.…”