Inhibitory Effect onIn VitroLDL Oxidation and HMG Co-A Reductase Activity of the Liquid-Liquid Partitioned Fractions ofHericium erinaceus(Bull.) Persoon (Lion’s Mane Mushroom)

Abstract

Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly suggested as the key factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mushrooms have been implicated in having preventive effects against chronic diseases due especially to their antioxidant properties. In this study, in vitro inhibitory effect of Hericium erinaceus on LDL oxidation and the activity of the cholesterol biosynthetic key enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG Co-A) reductase, was evaluated using five liquid-liquid solvent fractions consisting of methanol : dichloromethane (M : DCM), hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous residue (AQ). The hexane fraction showed the highest inhibition of oxidation of human LDL as reflected by the increased lag time (100 mins) for the formation of conjugated diene (CD) at 1 µg/mL and decreased production (68.28%, IC50 0.73 mg/mL) of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at 1 mg/mL. It also mostly inhibited (59.91%) the activity of the HMG Co-A reductase at 10 mg/mL. The GC-MS profiling of the hexane fraction identified the presence of myconutrients: inter alia, ergosterol and linoleic acid. Thus, hexane fraction of Hericium erinaceus was found to be the most potent in vitro inhibitor of both LDL oxidation and HMG Co-A reductase activity having therapeutic potential for the prevention of oxidative stress-mediated vascular diseases.

Chemistry, Nutrition, and Health-Promoting Properties of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia and Their Bioactive Compounds

“…118 Of the solvent extractions, the hexane fraction showed the highest inhibition of oxidation and strongly inhibited the activity of the enzyme by up to 59.9% at 10 mg/mL. GC-MS analysis revealed that this fraction contained ergosterol and linoleic (9,12-octadecadienoic) and octadecanoic acids, suggesting that these components and possibly also a polysaccharide (not evaluated) might be responsible for the observed antioxidative properties of the mushroom extract and that the hexane extract might help to prevent oxidative stress-induced pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.…”

Evaluation of the Antioxidative and Hypo-cholesterolemic Effects of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), in Ameliorating Cardiovascular Disease

“…Our in vitro tests included DPPH free-radical scavenging effects, total polyphenol content through the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, lipid peroxidation inhibitory test, and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation inhibitory test. [25][26][27][28] The inhibitory effects of the fractions and of the G. lucidum HWE were also tested. 29…”

“…The composition of the vitamin mixture in the diet was as follows (in g/100 g vitamin mixture): 9.5 × 10 −4 g retinyl acetate, 1.2 × 10 −3 g cholecalciferol, 0.05 g α-tocopherol acetate, 2.4 g thiamine HCl, 2.4 g riboflavin, 12.0 g nicotinic acid, 9.6 g D-calcium pantothenate, 1.2 g pyridoxine HCl, 9.5 × 10 −2 g folic acid, 0.25 g vitamin K, 9.5 × 10 −3 g cyanocobalamine, 47.95 g inositol, and 24.0 g ascorbic acid. The composition of the mineral mixture added to the diet was as follows (in g/100 g vitamin mixture): 28…”

Neurological Activity of Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus)

“…: hericenones (C-H), a group of aromatic compounds isolated from the fruiting body; and erinacines (A-I), a group of cyathane-type diterpenoids found in the mycelium. 18 Both groups of substances easily cross the blood-brain barrier, and have been found to have neurotrophic and in some cases neuroprotective effects. 19 Erinacines (A-I) have demonstrated induction of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis.…”