Inhibitory Effects of Bamboo Leaf on the Growth of Pyricularia grisea Fungus

Abstract

Abstract:In this study, the effects of bamboo leaf were examined on mycelial growth of Pyricularia grisea, a fungus of rice blast disease that causes a great loss in rice production. The hexane extract exhibited maximal reduction on growth of P. grisea (IC 50 = 0.62 mg/mL), followed by aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts, while the methanol extract was least effective (IC 50 = 9.71 mg/mL). At 0.5-1.0 mg/mL doses, all extracting solvents showed inhibition on the growth of P. grisea, but at a 0.1 mg/mL concentration, the antifungal activity was solely observed on hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. By GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), 25 constituents were identified, principally belonging to long-chain fatty acids, sterols, phenols, phenolic acids, volatile oils, and derivatives of terpenes. It was suggested that compounds originated from hexane and ethyl acetate extracts such as fatty acids, oils, and phenols, and their derivatives were responsible for the antifungal activity of bamboo leaf. Non-polar constituents were accountable for the antifungal activity, although water-soluble compounds may play a role. Bamboo leaf appears to be a potent natural source to manage the infestation of P. grisea in rice cultivation.

Antimycotic potential of Kawayang tinik against pathogenic fungal species

“…aqueous roots, leaves and outer culms producing mean ZOI of 0.00 mm). The findings mentioned may also be correlated a previous study result wherein it was observed that phytocomponents from the leaf extracts of bamboo species Phyllostachys and Moso bamboo are not water soluble (38). However, the presence of polar phytocompounds in the different parts of B. blumeana could not be totally eliminated from the current study since aqueous extracts also exhibited zones of inhibitions against the previously discussed fungal species.…”

“…Specifically, apigenin and tricin derivatives were noted to be abundant in the root and leaf part of the said bamboo species. Antifungal mechanisms of these identified phytocompounds were noted to be fungal membrane and metabolic disruption (38,39) the same inhibitory action of fluconazole, a standard antifungal drug (28).…”

“…However, secondary to technological advances in phytochemical screening and testing, several bamboo species are now being studied and observed as potential sources of new pharmacotherapeutic products. Leaves and shoot extracts from bamboo species such as Bambusa balbacooa, Bambusa bambos, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa vulgaris exhibited potential antimicrobial properties against several pathogenic microorganisms, bacterial and fungal alike (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Leaf extracts of Dendrocalamus strictus were also cited to show antimycotic potentials against pathogenic fungal strains such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme (15).…”

Evaluation of Enzyme Protease Activity and Inhibition Effect on Pyricularia grisea with the Leaf Extract of Commela communis L.

“…The chemicals identified by GC-MS in the methanol extract were mostly from the bamboo leaf. But they were inactive on the growth of P.grisa with all concentrations (Toan et al 2018). In this experiment, P.grisea was inhibited by methanol extract ( Table 5).…”

“…Several other trees were tested and showed P. grisea inhibition (Olufolaji et al 2015, Netam et al 2011. In other research, the composition of bamboo leaves containing compounds derived from hexane and ethyl acetate such as fatty acids, oils and phenols, and their derivatives minimize the growth of P. grisea (Toan et al 2018).…”