Inhibitory Effects of Muscadine Anthocyanins on α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase Activities

Abstract

Inhibitory effects of the Noble muscadine grape extracts and the representative phytochemicals for anthocyanins (i.e., cyanidin and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside) on two enzymes, that is, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase, were investigated regarding their antidiabetic activities. The study demonstrated that the anthocyanin extracts and the selected chemicals obeyed the competitive mode against the enzymes. The methanolic extracts of whole fruit and skin of the muscadine showed inhibitory activities against the α-glucosidase with their IC(50) values at 1.50 and 2.73 mg/mL, and those against the lipase at 16.90 and 11.15 mg/mL, respectively, which indicated that the muscadine extracts possessed strong antidiabetic activities. Particularly, the ethyl acetate (EtoAc) extract and the butanol (BuOH) extract exhibited much higher inhibitory activities against both enzymes than the CHCl(3) and water extracts, while the majority of anthocyanins existed in the BuOH fractions. Moreover, cyanidin exhibited a much stronger antidiabetic activity than cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, suggesting that anthocyanins may have higher inhibitory activities after being digested. Further chromatographic analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified five individual anthocyanins, including cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin glycosides.

Anthocyanin-rich Phytochemicals from Aronia Fruits Inhibit Visceral Fat Accumulation and Hyperglycemia in High-fat Diet-induced Dietary Obese Rats

“…Because anthocyanin also inhibits pancreatic lipase activity 26,27 , these observations suggest that aronia phytochemicals inhibit the increases in postprandial serum triglycerides and that anthocyanin inhibits enzymes such as lipase. However, no differences in pancreatic lipase activity were observed between the aronia and the bilberry phytochemicals-treated groups.…”

The Inhibitory Effects of Anthocyanin-Rich Sunrouge Tea on Pancreatic Lipase Activity

“…However, even though SR2 contained high levels of anthocyanins, it did not show the strongest lipase inhibitory activity. According to You et al, the 50 inhibitory concentrations of cyanidin and cyanidin 3,5 diglucoside against lipase were 0.17 and 0.89 mg/mL, respectively 22 . These concentrations were higher than the anthocyanin concentrations detected in the SR extracts studied in the present study.…”

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“…The stronger inhibition of cyanidin compared to cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside suggests a higher inhibitory activity of anthocyanins after conversion to aglycone [64].…”