Inhibitory effects of Orostachys malacophyllus var. iwarenge extracts on reactive oxygen species production and lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation

Abstract

Orostachys malacophyllus var. iwarenge was extracted with water, 30 and 70% ethyl alcohol. The ethyl alcohol extracts showed higher total phenol contents and greater antioxidant effects than the water extract. Treatment with the 70% alcohol extract inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Furthermore, the 70% extract inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of the prooxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase 4 and of the NADPHproducing enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The mRNA and protein expressions of antioxidant enzymes, such as copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase increased in cells treated with the 70% alcohol extract. In addition, this extract suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of adipogenic transcription factors and of their marker genes. These results indicate that O. malacophyllus extracts inhibit lipid accumulation and ROS production by controlling adipogenic factors and pro-/anti-oxidant enzyme responses.

Anti‐adipogenic β‐sitosterol and lupeol from Moringa oleifera suppress adipocyte differentiation through regulation of cell cycle progression

“…Moreover, M. oleifera has been reported to contain mostly quercetin, tocopherols, moringine, kaempferol, glycosides, benzylisothiocyanate, and carotenoids. M. oleifera has been a well‐known resource in drug development programs in the discovery of lead compounds due to novelty in its structure and diverse secondary metabolites (Jang et al, 2019; Vasanth et al, 2015). It is well known that this category of compounds reduces lipid and control glucose level through multiple mechanisms, including adiponectin and insulin sensitivity (Zhang et al, 2020).…”

Phenolic components rich ethyl acetate fraction ofOrostachys japonicusinhibits lipid accumulation by regulating reactive oxygen species generation in adipogenesis

“…It has been reported that flavonoids as antioxidants arrested mitotic clonal expansion and inhibited PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2 expression (Furukawa et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2009Lee et al, , 2016Lee et al, , 2017. ROS was also reported to upregulate expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ, well-known adipogenic markers (Jang et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2009). cell survival, death, and redox maintenance (Furukawa et al, 2017).…”

“…It has been reported that flavonoids as antioxidants arrested mitotic clonal expansion and inhibited PPARγ, C/EBPα, and aP2 expression (Furukawa et al, ; Lee et al, , , ). ROS was also reported to upregulate expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ, well‐known adipogenic markers (Jang et al, ; Lee et al, ). Since these C/EBPα and PPARγ promote adipogenesis by inducing expression of adipocyte‐specific genes, including aP2, and overexpression of transcription factors accelerates adipogenesis and lipid accumulation (Csaki & Reue, ; Feve, ; Tanaka, Yoshida, Kishimoto, & Akira, ).…”

“…ROS production was detected using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay. The NBT assay was used to measure intracellular ROS production (Jang et al, ). About 0.2% of NBT in PBS was treated in the cells and incubated for 90 min.…”

“…ROS works a key role in cell survival, death and maintenance in redox systems and also affect the adipocyte cell cycle to promote adipocyte differentiation (de Villiers et al, ; Furukawa et al, ; Park et al, ). ROS acts an important mediator of C/EBP family and PPARγ in the adipogenic system (Jang, Choi, & Kim, ). Treatment of hydrogen peroxide, a major form of ROS, was shown to accelerate preadipocyte differentiation by upregulating C/EBPα and PPARγ expression (Furukawa et al, ; Lee et al, ).…”