Inhibitory effects of whole and parotid saliva on immunomodulators

Wozniak, Karen L.; Arribas, Alfredo; Leigh, Janet E.; Fidel, Paul L.

doi:10.1046/j.0902-0055.2001.00101.x

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Total saliva is a complex mixture derived from the major and minor salivary glands, along with contributions from the GCF, oral bacteria, cells, and other sources 4,36 . In line with the results of our study, Wozniak et al 37 showed that TNF‐α could be detected in total saliva samples of healthy adult subjects, and Rossomando et al 38 suggested that TNF might be found in sites prior to clinically observable disease. The latter group went on to suggest that TNF might prove to be a suitable indicator for preclinical periodontal disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Evaluation of Cystatin C, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α Levels in Total Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid From 11‐ to 16‐Year‐Old Children

Ülker¹,

Tulunoğlu²,

Özmeriç³

et al. 2008

Journal of Periodontology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Evaluation of Cystatin C, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α Levels in Total Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid From 11‐ to 16‐Year‐Old Children

Ülker¹,

Tulunoğlu²,

Özmeriç³

et al. 2008

Journal of Periodontology

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“…Furthermore, the presence of putative inhibitors, such as mucin-like proteins or other large molecules and enzymes, could also interfere with the IL-8 levels in saliva. [55] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between interleukin-8 levels and chronic periodontal disease

et al. 2017

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Background:Current publications present contradictory findings regarding interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). This systematic review compile evidences of the IL8 mRNA and protein levels in gingival tissue, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) investigated in patients with CP. Moreover, 2 meta-analyses were made focusing on the IL-8 levels in GCF and saliva of patients with or without CP.Methods:Electronic searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were conducted for publications up to February 2016 that investigated the levels of IL-8 detected in individuals with CP compared with health individuals. A total of 31 publications were included in the systematic review. For meta-analyses, the strength of association was calculated by pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using RevMan 5.1 software. Heterogeneity was examined using Higgins I-squared, tau-squared, and χ2 tests.Results:In biopsies of gingival tissue of CP patients, all studies found higher IL8 mRNA levels, and the majority of studies showed higher IL-8 protein levels in this tissue of individuals with moderate to severe CP. Four studies investigating the IL-8 levels in saliva showed inconclusive results. In spite of some studies seemed to indicate higher levels of IL-8 in GCF of CP patients, the meta-analysis results showed significantly lower IL-8 levels (pg/μL) in GCF of CP patients in comparison with periodontally healthy subjects.Conclusions:We concluded that IL8 gene expression and IL-8 protein levels were higher in gingival tissues of CP patients when compared to periodontally health individuals. Meta-analysis of studies that measured IL-8 (pg/uL) in GCF found lower levels in CP patients. There are conflicting evidences regarding IL-8 levels in saliva.

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“…It plays a role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells and bone resorption through its ability to stimulate IL-1 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), inhibit bone collagen synthesis, induce collagenases and stimulate osteoclast differentiation in the presence of GM-CSF [63–66]. Although one report suggested that TNF-α was difficult to detect in saliva [46], others found low levels of TNF-α in saliva [56,57,67]. We recently reported that TNF-α levels were detectable in all salivary samples from 35 patients, who had chronic adult periodontal disease and 39 healthy controls [68].…”

Section: Inflammatory Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Developments in Salivary Diagnostics

et al. 2010

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Salivary diagnostics is an emerging field that has progressed through several important developments in the past decade, including the publication of the human salivary proteome and the infusion of federal funds to integrate nanotechnologies and microfluidic engineering concepts into developing compact point-of-care devices for rapid analysis of this secretion. In this article, we discuss some of these developments and their relevance to the prognosis, diagnosis and management of periodontitis, as an oral target, and cardiovascular disease, as a systemic example for the potential of these biodiagnostics. Our findings suggest that several biomarkers are associated with distinct biological stages of these diseases and demonstrate promise as practical biomarkers in identifying and managing periodontal disease, and acute myocardial infarction. The majority of these studies have progressed through biomarker discovery, with the identified molecules requiring more robust clinical studies to enable substantive validation for disease diagnosis. It is predicted that with continued advances in this field the use of a combination of biomarkers in multiplex panels is likely to yield accurate screening tools for these diagnoses in the near future. Keywordsacute myocardial infarction; lab-on-a-chip; periodontitis; salivary diagnosis Overview of the field of salivary diagnosisThe analysis of blood and its components has been the mainstay for laboratory diagnostic procedures for several decades. However, other biological fluids are also utilized frequently for the diagnosis of disease, for example urine and cerebrospinal fluid, and thus, saliva could offer some distinct advantages in select situations [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Saliva is a hypotonic fluid NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript composed mostly of water, electrolytes and organic molecules (i.e., amino acids, proteins and lipids). The water component is derived largely from the local capillary bed via intracellular diffusion, aquaporin water channels and extracellular routes [7,8]. Small neutral molecules from the serum enter by passive diffusion from the dense beds of capillaries surrounding and bathing the salivary glands. Electrolytes enter the saliva via osmotic gradients and are regulated by the rate of secretion, nature of the stimulus and level of mineralocorticoids in the circulation. The organic components of glandular saliva are derived largely from protein synthesis and are stored as granules within the acinar cells [4]. Because serum components of saliva are derived primarily from the local vasculature that originates from the carotid arteries [9], saliva has a prodigious fluid source that provides many, if not most, of the same molecules found in the systemic circulation. This makes saliva a potentially valuable fluid for the diagnosis of various systemic diseases (Figure 1).The recent cataloguing of the salivary proteome has availed considerable information that is potentially important for diagnostic applications ...

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Inhibitory effects of whole and parotid saliva on immunomodulators

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

The Evaluation of Cystatin C, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α Levels in Total Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid From 11‐ to 16‐Year‐Old Children

The Evaluation of Cystatin C, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α Levels in Total Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid From 11‐ to 16‐Year‐Old Children

Association between interleukin-8 levels and chronic periodontal disease

Current Developments in Salivary Diagnostics

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